ASU BIO 100 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS (RATED A+)
Explain the functions of each system of the body: Digestive - ANSWERMechanical
and chemical breakdown/digestion of food. Absorption of nutrients. Undigested
waste product that is eliminated.
Explain the functions of each system of the body: Cardiovascular (respiratory and
circulatory) - ANSWERTransportation (blood delivers oxygen and nutrients),
regulation of body temperature, and immunity
Why do strict vegetarians (vegans) have to be more careful of their choices of food
than do vegetarians that also eat cheese, eggs, and dairy products? -
ANSWERBecause they aren't getting the vitamins and amino acids the body
requires to function properly
How do vaccines work? - ANSWERThe body will produce antibodies against the
vaccine so when you have the real thing your body will be prepared. You may not
even get sick.
In Southern Copperhead snake venom; you'll find a protein called a disintegrin.
Disintegrins bind to a class of membrane receptors called integrins. Platelets use
integrin receptors to aggregate at a site of tissue damage. What effect do you think
disintegrin has on the snake's prey? - ANSWERThe molecule interferes with clot
formation so that the venom can travel more efficiently from the site of the bite to the
rest of the body.
Explain the functions of each system of the body: Immune - ANSWERBattle
infection, maintain homeostasis by eliminating damaged cells, protects the body
against foreign organisms.
Explain the functions of each system of the body: Skeletal - ANSWERsupport,
movement, storage of minerals (bone marrow) blood cell formation
Explain the functions of each system of the body: muscular - ANSWERmovement,
maintenance of body posture, production of heat, contraction of the heart, blood
pressure maintenance, intestinal movement (elimination of feces)
What are the caloric values for each gram of muscle, fat, and carbohydrates? -
ANSWERa. Muscle: 4 calories
b. Fat: 9 calories
c. Carbohydrates: 4 calories
, In general, a lb of fat is about 3500 Cal. If you receive a surplus 500 Cal per day
through your meals (assume the surplus is stored as fat), how many lbs of weight
gained in a week? - ANSWER500 x 7 = 3500 cal = 1 pound
Why BMR is different between sexes? Why it is different for different ages? How
does body size affect BMR? - ANSWERa. Males have a higher BMR because they
use more calories due to their increased muscle mass
b. People are less active as they age
c. Bigger people have a higher BMR
Explain the functions of each system of the body: Endocrine -
ANSWERCommunication, integration, and control (hormonally)
Explain the functions of each system of the body: Reproductive - ANSWERensures
survival of the human race
Explain the functions of each system of the body: Nervous -
ANSWERCommunication, integration, control, recognition of sensory stimuli (CNS &
PNS)
Compare and contrast how positive and negative feedback mechanisms are used to
maintain homeostasis. Use these concepts to describe: The maintenance of blood
glucose levels: - ANSWERThe control of blood sugar (glucose) by insulin is another
good example of a negative feedback mechanism. When blood sugar rises,
receptors in the body sense a change. In turn, the control center (pancreas) secretes
insulin into the blood effectively lowering blood sugar levels. Once blood sugar levels
reach homeostasis, the pancreas stops releasing insulin.
Compare and contrast how positive and negative feedback mechanisms are used to
maintain homeostasis. Use these concepts to describe: The release of platelets to
form blood clots: - ANSWERonce a vessel is damaged, platelets start to cling to the
injured site and release chemicals that attract more platelets. The platelets continue
to pile up and release chemicals until a clot is formed.
What does it mean if an organism is an ectotherm? - ANSWERdepend mainly on
external heat sources - their body temperature changes with the temperature of the
environment (reptiles, snakes, lizards)
What does it mean if an organism is an Endotherm? - ANSWERgenerate most of the
heat they need internally (mammals/humans/dogs)
Herbivorous mammals tend to have extremely long digestive systems, especially the
intestines; omnivores have intermediate length intestines; and carnivores have
extremely short intestines. What might be a logical explanation for this pattern? -
ANSWERPlants are hard to break down and need more time to get nutrients.
Anatomical designs that increase surface area are common in many body systems.
Give examples of how surface area is maximized in the digestive, respiratory, and
ANSWERS (RATED A+)
Explain the functions of each system of the body: Digestive - ANSWERMechanical
and chemical breakdown/digestion of food. Absorption of nutrients. Undigested
waste product that is eliminated.
Explain the functions of each system of the body: Cardiovascular (respiratory and
circulatory) - ANSWERTransportation (blood delivers oxygen and nutrients),
regulation of body temperature, and immunity
Why do strict vegetarians (vegans) have to be more careful of their choices of food
than do vegetarians that also eat cheese, eggs, and dairy products? -
ANSWERBecause they aren't getting the vitamins and amino acids the body
requires to function properly
How do vaccines work? - ANSWERThe body will produce antibodies against the
vaccine so when you have the real thing your body will be prepared. You may not
even get sick.
In Southern Copperhead snake venom; you'll find a protein called a disintegrin.
Disintegrins bind to a class of membrane receptors called integrins. Platelets use
integrin receptors to aggregate at a site of tissue damage. What effect do you think
disintegrin has on the snake's prey? - ANSWERThe molecule interferes with clot
formation so that the venom can travel more efficiently from the site of the bite to the
rest of the body.
Explain the functions of each system of the body: Immune - ANSWERBattle
infection, maintain homeostasis by eliminating damaged cells, protects the body
against foreign organisms.
Explain the functions of each system of the body: Skeletal - ANSWERsupport,
movement, storage of minerals (bone marrow) blood cell formation
Explain the functions of each system of the body: muscular - ANSWERmovement,
maintenance of body posture, production of heat, contraction of the heart, blood
pressure maintenance, intestinal movement (elimination of feces)
What are the caloric values for each gram of muscle, fat, and carbohydrates? -
ANSWERa. Muscle: 4 calories
b. Fat: 9 calories
c. Carbohydrates: 4 calories
, In general, a lb of fat is about 3500 Cal. If you receive a surplus 500 Cal per day
through your meals (assume the surplus is stored as fat), how many lbs of weight
gained in a week? - ANSWER500 x 7 = 3500 cal = 1 pound
Why BMR is different between sexes? Why it is different for different ages? How
does body size affect BMR? - ANSWERa. Males have a higher BMR because they
use more calories due to their increased muscle mass
b. People are less active as they age
c. Bigger people have a higher BMR
Explain the functions of each system of the body: Endocrine -
ANSWERCommunication, integration, and control (hormonally)
Explain the functions of each system of the body: Reproductive - ANSWERensures
survival of the human race
Explain the functions of each system of the body: Nervous -
ANSWERCommunication, integration, control, recognition of sensory stimuli (CNS &
PNS)
Compare and contrast how positive and negative feedback mechanisms are used to
maintain homeostasis. Use these concepts to describe: The maintenance of blood
glucose levels: - ANSWERThe control of blood sugar (glucose) by insulin is another
good example of a negative feedback mechanism. When blood sugar rises,
receptors in the body sense a change. In turn, the control center (pancreas) secretes
insulin into the blood effectively lowering blood sugar levels. Once blood sugar levels
reach homeostasis, the pancreas stops releasing insulin.
Compare and contrast how positive and negative feedback mechanisms are used to
maintain homeostasis. Use these concepts to describe: The release of platelets to
form blood clots: - ANSWERonce a vessel is damaged, platelets start to cling to the
injured site and release chemicals that attract more platelets. The platelets continue
to pile up and release chemicals until a clot is formed.
What does it mean if an organism is an ectotherm? - ANSWERdepend mainly on
external heat sources - their body temperature changes with the temperature of the
environment (reptiles, snakes, lizards)
What does it mean if an organism is an Endotherm? - ANSWERgenerate most of the
heat they need internally (mammals/humans/dogs)
Herbivorous mammals tend to have extremely long digestive systems, especially the
intestines; omnivores have intermediate length intestines; and carnivores have
extremely short intestines. What might be a logical explanation for this pattern? -
ANSWERPlants are hard to break down and need more time to get nutrients.
Anatomical designs that increase surface area are common in many body systems.
Give examples of how surface area is maximized in the digestive, respiratory, and
