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MED SURG EXAM 2 – GI & Hepatic Disorders – Nursing Questions and
Answers – Detailed Rationales – 2025 VERSION
Esophagus- CORRECT ANSWER - A long hollow tube that connects the throat to the stomach, approximately
23-26 feet long.
Medulla Oblongata- CORRECT ANSWER - The part of the brain that acts as the swallowing center.
GI System- CORRECT ANSWER - The gastrointestinal system responsible for nutrient absorption into the
bloodstream.
Duodenum- CORRECT ANSWER - The first segment of the small intestine, involved in digestion.
Cecum- CORRECT ANSWER - The beginning of the large intestine, where water absorption occurs.
Auscultation- CORRECT ANSWER - Listening to the internal sounds of the body, often using a stethoscope.
Percussion- CORRECT ANSWER - A technique to test for air, size, or density of organs by tapping.
Colonoscopy- CORRECT ANSWER - An examination of the colon using a flexible tube inserted through the
anus.
Endoscopy- CORRECT ANSWER - A procedure to visualize the digestive tract using a camera on a flexible
tube.
Bolus Feeding- CORRECT ANSWER - A method of feeding where a large amount of food is given at once.
Pepsin- CORRECT ANSWER - An enzyme essential for the digestion of proteins in the stomach.
Hepatic Cirrhosis- CORRECT ANSWER - A chronic liver disease characterized by inflammation and scarring
of liver tissue.
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Paracentesis- CORRECT ANSWER - A procedure used to remove fluid from the peritoneal cavity.
Candidiasis- CORRECT ANSWER - A fungal infection that appears as white plaques in the mouth, often
known as thrush.
Achalasia- CORRECT ANSWER - A condition where food cannot move easily down the esophagus due to
absent or ineffective peristalsis.
Hiatal Hernia- CORRECT ANSWER - A condition where a part of the stomach protrudes through the
diaphragm into the chest cavity.
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)- CORRECT ANSWER - A chronic digestive condition where
stomach acid or bile irritates the esophagus.
Fundoplication- CORRECT ANSWER - A surgical procedure to treat GERD by wrapping the stomach around
the lower esophagus.
Esophagectomy- CORRECT ANSWER - Surgical removal of part or all of the esophagus.
Dumping Syndrome- CORRECT ANSWER - A condition that occurs when food moves too quickly from the
stomach to the small intestine.
Enteral Nutrition- CORRECT ANSWER - Nutritional feedings delivered directly into the GI tract through a
tube.
Parenteral Nutrition- CORRECT ANSWER - Nutritional support provided intravenously to patients unable to
eat.
Antacids- CORRECT ANSWER - Medications that neutralize stomach acid to relieve heartburn.
MED SURG EXAM 2 – GI & Hepatic Disorders – Nursing Questions and
Answers – Detailed Rationales – 2025 VERSION
Esophagus- CORRECT ANSWER - A long hollow tube that connects the throat to the stomach, approximately
23-26 feet long.
Medulla Oblongata- CORRECT ANSWER - The part of the brain that acts as the swallowing center.
GI System- CORRECT ANSWER - The gastrointestinal system responsible for nutrient absorption into the
bloodstream.
Duodenum- CORRECT ANSWER - The first segment of the small intestine, involved in digestion.
Cecum- CORRECT ANSWER - The beginning of the large intestine, where water absorption occurs.
Auscultation- CORRECT ANSWER - Listening to the internal sounds of the body, often using a stethoscope.
Percussion- CORRECT ANSWER - A technique to test for air, size, or density of organs by tapping.
Colonoscopy- CORRECT ANSWER - An examination of the colon using a flexible tube inserted through the
anus.
Endoscopy- CORRECT ANSWER - A procedure to visualize the digestive tract using a camera on a flexible
tube.
Bolus Feeding- CORRECT ANSWER - A method of feeding where a large amount of food is given at once.
Pepsin- CORRECT ANSWER - An enzyme essential for the digestion of proteins in the stomach.
Hepatic Cirrhosis- CORRECT ANSWER - A chronic liver disease characterized by inflammation and scarring
of liver tissue.
, 2|Page
Paracentesis- CORRECT ANSWER - A procedure used to remove fluid from the peritoneal cavity.
Candidiasis- CORRECT ANSWER - A fungal infection that appears as white plaques in the mouth, often
known as thrush.
Achalasia- CORRECT ANSWER - A condition where food cannot move easily down the esophagus due to
absent or ineffective peristalsis.
Hiatal Hernia- CORRECT ANSWER - A condition where a part of the stomach protrudes through the
diaphragm into the chest cavity.
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)- CORRECT ANSWER - A chronic digestive condition where
stomach acid or bile irritates the esophagus.
Fundoplication- CORRECT ANSWER - A surgical procedure to treat GERD by wrapping the stomach around
the lower esophagus.
Esophagectomy- CORRECT ANSWER - Surgical removal of part or all of the esophagus.
Dumping Syndrome- CORRECT ANSWER - A condition that occurs when food moves too quickly from the
stomach to the small intestine.
Enteral Nutrition- CORRECT ANSWER - Nutritional feedings delivered directly into the GI tract through a
tube.
Parenteral Nutrition- CORRECT ANSWER - Nutritional support provided intravenously to patients unable to
eat.
Antacids- CORRECT ANSWER - Medications that neutralize stomach acid to relieve heartburn.
