Organizational Behaviour 2025 – 100% Exam-Focused Notes + Real-
World Applications | Motivation, Leadership, Conflict, Group
Dynamics & More
Person Job fit
Do you have the skills to do the job?
Person Organization fit
Do you fit in the organization/group?
Organizational Behavior
interdisciplinary field dedicated to better understanding and managing people at work
Who created the Hawthorne effect?
Elton Mayo
Hawthorne Effect
-manipulate workplace factors and measure effects on worker's performance [lighting, temperature, rest breaks,
length of work day, pay, supervisory style]
-Results: employee performance can be improved by attending to individual needs, supportive supervision, and
group dynamics
Who was known as the pioneer of female management consultant in male-dominant industry that saw
employees as humans and try to motivate job performance?
Mary Parker Follett
Who was responsible for Theory Y?
Douglas McGregor
Theory Y
a modern and positive set of assumptions about people at work
Contingency approach
using management concepts and techniques in situationally appropriate manner, instead of trying to rely on "one
best way"
Human Capital
the productive potential of an individual's knowledge and actions
What is the Strategic assumption?
People, individually and collectively, are the key to organizational success
,Social Capital
productive potential resulting from strong relationships, goodwill, trust, and cooperative effort
What are types of Human Capital?
Training, Work-based development opportunities, learning activities outside of work, and career planning
What are types of Social capital?
internal and external
Human Capital: Training
Software certification to gain knowledge and skills to improve performance in current job
Human Capital: Work-based development opportunities
Job rotation, shadowing, and cross-functional project teams to build your knowledge and your relationships
Human Capital: learning activities outside of work
Fluency gained in a second language to increase opportunities within and outside of current employment
Human Capital: Career planning
Opportunities IDed inside or outside of your current place of employment and assess your strengths and
weaknesses
Social Capital: Internal
Mentoring relationship to provide guidance and opportunities or membership in a company softball team to
build relationships outside of your work area
Social Capital: External
Join local, industry-specific organizations to identify new customers
Positive Organizational Behavior (POB)
"the study and application of positively oriented human resource strengths and psychological cap that can be
measured, developed, and effectively managed for performance improvement in today's workplace"
Who created the CHOSE acronym to identify dimensions of POB?
Fred Luthans
What is the CHOSE model?
Confidence/self-efficacy
Hope
Optimism
Subjective well-being
Emotional intelligence
CHOSE: Confidence/ self- efficacy
, One's belief (confidence) in being able to successfully execute a specific task in a given context
CHOSE: Hope
One who sets goals, figures out how to achieve them (ID pathways) and is self-motivated to accomplish them,
that is , willpower, and "waypower"
CHOSE: Optimism
Positive outcome expectancy and/or a positive causal attribution, but is still emotional and linked with
happiness, perseverance, and success
CHOSE: Subjective well-being
Beyond the emotion of happiness, how people cognitively process and evaluate their lives, in other words, the
satisfaction with their lives
CHOSE: Emotional intelligence
Cap for recognizing and managing in one's own and others' emotions- self-awareness, self-motivation, being
empathetic, and having social skills
E-business
using info communication tech to facilitate every aspect of running a business
Ethics
the study of moral issues and choices
Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
the corporations have obligations to others, beyond shareholders and beyond the bounds of law or contract
Who created a model that involved CSR?
Archie B. Caroll
In Caroll's CSR model what were the major trends that it trangulated?
1. Economic globalization
2. Expanding CSR expectations
3. Calls for improved business ethics
What are the levels of Caroll's CSR model?
Level 1: Make a profit consistent with expectations for international businesses to fulfill economic
responsibility
Level 2: Obey the law of host countries as well as international law to fulfill legal responsibility
Level 3: Are ethical in their practices, taking host-country and global standards into consideration to fulfill
ethical responsibility
Level 4: Are good corporate citizens, especially as defined by the host country's expectations to fulfill
philanthropic responsbility
Who created "the magnificent seven" to guide managers and employees toward ethical work behavior?
World Applications | Motivation, Leadership, Conflict, Group
Dynamics & More
Person Job fit
Do you have the skills to do the job?
Person Organization fit
Do you fit in the organization/group?
Organizational Behavior
interdisciplinary field dedicated to better understanding and managing people at work
Who created the Hawthorne effect?
Elton Mayo
Hawthorne Effect
-manipulate workplace factors and measure effects on worker's performance [lighting, temperature, rest breaks,
length of work day, pay, supervisory style]
-Results: employee performance can be improved by attending to individual needs, supportive supervision, and
group dynamics
Who was known as the pioneer of female management consultant in male-dominant industry that saw
employees as humans and try to motivate job performance?
Mary Parker Follett
Who was responsible for Theory Y?
Douglas McGregor
Theory Y
a modern and positive set of assumptions about people at work
Contingency approach
using management concepts and techniques in situationally appropriate manner, instead of trying to rely on "one
best way"
Human Capital
the productive potential of an individual's knowledge and actions
What is the Strategic assumption?
People, individually and collectively, are the key to organizational success
,Social Capital
productive potential resulting from strong relationships, goodwill, trust, and cooperative effort
What are types of Human Capital?
Training, Work-based development opportunities, learning activities outside of work, and career planning
What are types of Social capital?
internal and external
Human Capital: Training
Software certification to gain knowledge and skills to improve performance in current job
Human Capital: Work-based development opportunities
Job rotation, shadowing, and cross-functional project teams to build your knowledge and your relationships
Human Capital: learning activities outside of work
Fluency gained in a second language to increase opportunities within and outside of current employment
Human Capital: Career planning
Opportunities IDed inside or outside of your current place of employment and assess your strengths and
weaknesses
Social Capital: Internal
Mentoring relationship to provide guidance and opportunities or membership in a company softball team to
build relationships outside of your work area
Social Capital: External
Join local, industry-specific organizations to identify new customers
Positive Organizational Behavior (POB)
"the study and application of positively oriented human resource strengths and psychological cap that can be
measured, developed, and effectively managed for performance improvement in today's workplace"
Who created the CHOSE acronym to identify dimensions of POB?
Fred Luthans
What is the CHOSE model?
Confidence/self-efficacy
Hope
Optimism
Subjective well-being
Emotional intelligence
CHOSE: Confidence/ self- efficacy
, One's belief (confidence) in being able to successfully execute a specific task in a given context
CHOSE: Hope
One who sets goals, figures out how to achieve them (ID pathways) and is self-motivated to accomplish them,
that is , willpower, and "waypower"
CHOSE: Optimism
Positive outcome expectancy and/or a positive causal attribution, but is still emotional and linked with
happiness, perseverance, and success
CHOSE: Subjective well-being
Beyond the emotion of happiness, how people cognitively process and evaluate their lives, in other words, the
satisfaction with their lives
CHOSE: Emotional intelligence
Cap for recognizing and managing in one's own and others' emotions- self-awareness, self-motivation, being
empathetic, and having social skills
E-business
using info communication tech to facilitate every aspect of running a business
Ethics
the study of moral issues and choices
Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
the corporations have obligations to others, beyond shareholders and beyond the bounds of law or contract
Who created a model that involved CSR?
Archie B. Caroll
In Caroll's CSR model what were the major trends that it trangulated?
1. Economic globalization
2. Expanding CSR expectations
3. Calls for improved business ethics
What are the levels of Caroll's CSR model?
Level 1: Make a profit consistent with expectations for international businesses to fulfill economic
responsibility
Level 2: Obey the law of host countries as well as international law to fulfill legal responsibility
Level 3: Are ethical in their practices, taking host-country and global standards into consideration to fulfill
ethical responsibility
Level 4: Are good corporate citizens, especially as defined by the host country's expectations to fulfill
philanthropic responsbility
Who created "the magnificent seven" to guide managers and employees toward ethical work behavior?
