TEST BANK Animal Diversity 9/E Cleveland Hickman
Chapter 01 9e
1) A characteristic of science is that
A) it is not explained by natural laws.
B) its hypotheses are testable.
C) its conclusions are final.
D) it is not falsifiable.
E) it seeks to define the vitalistic forces of life.
2) During the creation court case in Arkansas, Judge Overton defined the essential properties of
science. Which statement is NOT true about science?
A) Science is concerned about understanding the natural world.
B) Science approaches data in a personal or subjective manner.
C) Conclusions of science are subject to change based on new findings.
D) Science establishes hypotheses that have the potential to be tested and disproved.
3) Much of science is based on an approach known as the __________ method.
A) natural
B) inductive-deductive
C) hypothetical
D) hypothetico-deductive
4) What is a hypothesis?
A) A tentative statement, based on information or data, that explains a large number of
observations and guides experimentation.
B) A report of the findings of scientific experiments.
C) A general statement made to infer a specific conclusion, often in an "if . . . then"
format.
D) Using isolated facts to reach a general idea that may explain a phenomenon.
1
,5) Which statement about a hypothesis is NOT correct?
A) Experiments or observations are conducted to test a hypothesis.
B) A hypothesis can be tested many times using different methods.
C) Data that support a hypothesis actually prove it to be true.
D) If data from experimentation does not lend support to a hypothesis, the hypothesis
must be rejected or revised.
6) Which of the following best describes a conceptual scheme in science that is strongly
supported, has not yet been found incorrect, and is based on the results of many
observations?
A) A scientific paradigm
B) Descriptive research
C) A scientific theory
D) Experimental results
7) Attempting to understand proximate or immediate causes in Biology requires this type of
approach:
A) Evolutionary.
B) Descriptive.
C) Theoretical.
D) Experimental.
8) What is the goal of using the experimental method to investigate proximate causes in
biology?
A) To disprove biological principles or theories.
B) To test our understanding of a biological system.
C) To better mankind by inventing something unique.
D) To prove or disprove the existence of God.
9) To have a frame of reference against which to compare experimental findings, a scientist
must
A) study two groups: a control group and an experimental group.
B) eliminate all expectations that might cause a biased interpretation of the results.
C) have other scientists look at the results.
D) do nothing; a "frame of reference" is not necessary.
2
,10) You are in your first week of student teaching and are preparing a question for your students
concerning experimental design for a science laboratory. Which of the following statements
would you hope your students choose as NOT correct regarding experimental design?
A) All conditions are held the same except for the condition being tested for in the
experimental group.
B) It is best to use identical subjects (except for the treatment in the experimental group)
in order to reduce the uncontrolled factors.
C) The condition being tested in an experiment is the "control."
D) Statistical comparisons are made between groups to determine if any difference is
beyond random chance.
11) In your study group you have been asked to explain the difference between control and
experimental groups. Which statement give below provides the best description of a control
group?
A) A group with the condition that is being tested.
B) A non-random sample taken through all experimental steps.
C) A variable that is being deliberately varied in the experiment.
D) A group that lacks the disturbance experienced by the experimental group.
12) Some ecologists study complex interactions of animals and plants in forests. Such field
research produces slightly different results for different researchers. In contrast, ecology
experiments performed indoors with one organism in a terrarium usually produce results that
are repeatable. What is the most likely explanation?
A) The scientific method is only useful in laboratory settings.
B) It is not possible to establish a control group outside of a laboratory.
C) It is easier to hold all but one variable constant in a laboratory.
D) Fieldwork is evolutionary; laboratory work is experimental.
3
, 13) A person goes around banging a drum each day. You ask him why. He replies, "To drive off
the tigers!" You reply "But there aren't any tigers around here." He replies, "See, it works!"
From a science viewpoint, this conclusion
A) is science because it is predictive of what will happen tomorrow morning.
B) is scientifically valid because there is probably a connection between loud noise and
absence of tigers.
C) is not valid unless there is the potential for tigers to be here, or a test is run with
tigers.
D) cannot be scientifically treated because it involves human behavior.
14) From Missouri to central Ohio to Pennsylvania, many people believe that they have water
moccasins ("cottonmouth snakes") in their farm ponds. Many have "seen them" although
they are not so foolish as to try to capture one alive. Meanwhile, the wildlife officers and the
range maps in the herpetology books say that cottonmouths do not breed this far north. What
is the most scientific attitude to assume on this issue?
A) Observations by both the public and the fish and game officers are subjective so this
is not possible to resolve objectively.
B) A field trip to the pond locations to capture and confirm the identity of the snakes
would settle the matter.
C) Scientific books with range maps are based on field research and, therefore,
determine the truth in this case.
D) Because living organisms are active, scientific theories in biology always change and
the older books are therefore wrong.
15) Which of the following questions addresses an ultimate cause in biology that could be
studied using the comparative method?
A) How does an animal maintain a constant body temperature in different environmental
conditions?
B) What are the evolutionary factors that caused some species of birds to acquire
complex patterns of seasonal migration between North and South America?
C) What are the environmental factors that signal the birds of a particular species to
begin their seasonal migration?
D) What are the receptors for geomagnetism in Monarch butterflies?
4
Chapter 01 9e
1) A characteristic of science is that
A) it is not explained by natural laws.
B) its hypotheses are testable.
C) its conclusions are final.
D) it is not falsifiable.
E) it seeks to define the vitalistic forces of life.
2) During the creation court case in Arkansas, Judge Overton defined the essential properties of
science. Which statement is NOT true about science?
A) Science is concerned about understanding the natural world.
B) Science approaches data in a personal or subjective manner.
C) Conclusions of science are subject to change based on new findings.
D) Science establishes hypotheses that have the potential to be tested and disproved.
3) Much of science is based on an approach known as the __________ method.
A) natural
B) inductive-deductive
C) hypothetical
D) hypothetico-deductive
4) What is a hypothesis?
A) A tentative statement, based on information or data, that explains a large number of
observations and guides experimentation.
B) A report of the findings of scientific experiments.
C) A general statement made to infer a specific conclusion, often in an "if . . . then"
format.
D) Using isolated facts to reach a general idea that may explain a phenomenon.
1
,5) Which statement about a hypothesis is NOT correct?
A) Experiments or observations are conducted to test a hypothesis.
B) A hypothesis can be tested many times using different methods.
C) Data that support a hypothesis actually prove it to be true.
D) If data from experimentation does not lend support to a hypothesis, the hypothesis
must be rejected or revised.
6) Which of the following best describes a conceptual scheme in science that is strongly
supported, has not yet been found incorrect, and is based on the results of many
observations?
A) A scientific paradigm
B) Descriptive research
C) A scientific theory
D) Experimental results
7) Attempting to understand proximate or immediate causes in Biology requires this type of
approach:
A) Evolutionary.
B) Descriptive.
C) Theoretical.
D) Experimental.
8) What is the goal of using the experimental method to investigate proximate causes in
biology?
A) To disprove biological principles or theories.
B) To test our understanding of a biological system.
C) To better mankind by inventing something unique.
D) To prove or disprove the existence of God.
9) To have a frame of reference against which to compare experimental findings, a scientist
must
A) study two groups: a control group and an experimental group.
B) eliminate all expectations that might cause a biased interpretation of the results.
C) have other scientists look at the results.
D) do nothing; a "frame of reference" is not necessary.
2
,10) You are in your first week of student teaching and are preparing a question for your students
concerning experimental design for a science laboratory. Which of the following statements
would you hope your students choose as NOT correct regarding experimental design?
A) All conditions are held the same except for the condition being tested for in the
experimental group.
B) It is best to use identical subjects (except for the treatment in the experimental group)
in order to reduce the uncontrolled factors.
C) The condition being tested in an experiment is the "control."
D) Statistical comparisons are made between groups to determine if any difference is
beyond random chance.
11) In your study group you have been asked to explain the difference between control and
experimental groups. Which statement give below provides the best description of a control
group?
A) A group with the condition that is being tested.
B) A non-random sample taken through all experimental steps.
C) A variable that is being deliberately varied in the experiment.
D) A group that lacks the disturbance experienced by the experimental group.
12) Some ecologists study complex interactions of animals and plants in forests. Such field
research produces slightly different results for different researchers. In contrast, ecology
experiments performed indoors with one organism in a terrarium usually produce results that
are repeatable. What is the most likely explanation?
A) The scientific method is only useful in laboratory settings.
B) It is not possible to establish a control group outside of a laboratory.
C) It is easier to hold all but one variable constant in a laboratory.
D) Fieldwork is evolutionary; laboratory work is experimental.
3
, 13) A person goes around banging a drum each day. You ask him why. He replies, "To drive off
the tigers!" You reply "But there aren't any tigers around here." He replies, "See, it works!"
From a science viewpoint, this conclusion
A) is science because it is predictive of what will happen tomorrow morning.
B) is scientifically valid because there is probably a connection between loud noise and
absence of tigers.
C) is not valid unless there is the potential for tigers to be here, or a test is run with
tigers.
D) cannot be scientifically treated because it involves human behavior.
14) From Missouri to central Ohio to Pennsylvania, many people believe that they have water
moccasins ("cottonmouth snakes") in their farm ponds. Many have "seen them" although
they are not so foolish as to try to capture one alive. Meanwhile, the wildlife officers and the
range maps in the herpetology books say that cottonmouths do not breed this far north. What
is the most scientific attitude to assume on this issue?
A) Observations by both the public and the fish and game officers are subjective so this
is not possible to resolve objectively.
B) A field trip to the pond locations to capture and confirm the identity of the snakes
would settle the matter.
C) Scientific books with range maps are based on field research and, therefore,
determine the truth in this case.
D) Because living organisms are active, scientific theories in biology always change and
the older books are therefore wrong.
15) Which of the following questions addresses an ultimate cause in biology that could be
studied using the comparative method?
A) How does an animal maintain a constant body temperature in different environmental
conditions?
B) What are the evolutionary factors that caused some species of birds to acquire
complex patterns of seasonal migration between North and South America?
C) What are the environmental factors that signal the birds of a particular species to
begin their seasonal migration?
D) What are the receptors for geomagnetism in Monarch butterflies?
4
