EAS 201 Test Exam Questions And Answers Verified
100% Correct
polymorph - ANSWER minerals with the same chemical
composition, but different structure (diamond vs graphite)
silicates - ANSWER most abundant minerals in crust (Feldspars
= very abundant, quartz = abundant classified by linking of the
silica tetrahedral, their composition
ferromagnesian minerals - ANSWER group of minerals in which
Fe and Mg serve as the cations that bind the silica tetrahedra
together, generally dark minerals in most rocks
clay - ANSWER minerals are formed from the alteration of
aluminum silicates in both celfic and mafic rocks
-predominantly composed of silica and aluminum
-clay size fraction (<2uM)
non-silicates - ANSWER -the chemical composition of the anion
-type of cation
(gold, silver, copper, calcite, gypsum, hematite, pyrite, etc.)
carbonates - ANSWER CaCO3 (calcite mineral). is one of the
most abundant minerals in Earth crust.
sulfates - ANSWER gypsum (CaSO4) forms in evaporitic
environments
sulfides - ANSWER chief minerals in a number of metal ores,
pyrite (FeS2), sulphide anion (S2-) with metal cations
,hydroxides/oxides - ANSWER O2- or OH- bonded to metal cations,
serves as a primary source of Fe, Al, Mn, Ti (economic importance), ferric
hydroxide, hematite, magnetite, etc.
hardness - ANSWER an approximate measure of how readily a mineral
scratches, uses the Mohs scale, hardness can depend on the strength of
the chemical bonds (covalent = strongest)
igneous rock - ANSWER volcanic, rocks that form out crystallization of
magma, classified according to texture
sedimentary rocksextru - ANSWER form from the weathering of
a different rock
metamorphic rocks - ANSWER rocks under high temp and
pressure in deep crust and upper mantle
intrusive igneous rock - ANSWER rock formed from the cooling
and solidification of magma BENEATH Earth's surface
extrusive igneous rock - ANSWER rock that forms from the
cooling and solidification of lava ON Earth's surface, fine-grained
clastic rock - ANSWER sedimentary rock that forms when rock
fragments are squeezed together under high pressure, via
lithification
lithification - ANSWER The process that converts sediments into
solid rock by burying (sandstone), compaction(siltstone) or
cementation (shale).
diagenesis - ANSWER the physical and chemical changes
occurring during the conversion of sediment to sedimentary rock
metamorphism - ANSWER the process in which one type of rock
changes into metamorphic rock because of chemical processes
, or changes in temperature and pressure
regional metamorphism - ANSWER at convergent plate boundaries
occurs at moderate to deep levels under moderate to ultra-high pressures
and high temp (large-scale), takes place during mountain building
contact metamorphism - ANSWER affects a thin zone of country
rock around an igneous intrusion (small-scale, where magma
contacts rock)
convergent plate boundary - ANSWER plates moving towards
one another on a collision course
divergent plate boundary - ANSWER separating plates
tranform boundary - ANSWER plates that slide past each other
elastic deformation - ANSWER the amount of deformation is
proportional to the amount of stress applied (brittle vs ductile)
seafloor spreading - ANSWER at mid-ocean ridges, the release of
pressure as the plates move apart allow hot magma from the
asthenosphere to reach the ocean floor. There it cool and crystallizes to
form new lithosphere. The system of mid-ocean
ridges along divergent plate boundaries forms linear submarine
mountain chains
continental rifting - ANSWER mantle material also rises from near the
core-mantle boundary in the form of 'thermal plumes'. When a plume nears
the lithosphere with overlying continent, it spreads laterally, doming the
overlying plate and moving the rifted segments outward from the central
area. Uplift results in fractures that eventually can open to form narrow
oceanic tracts.
Wilson Cycle - ANSWER opening and closing of an ocean
ocean-continent - ANSWER
100% Correct
polymorph - ANSWER minerals with the same chemical
composition, but different structure (diamond vs graphite)
silicates - ANSWER most abundant minerals in crust (Feldspars
= very abundant, quartz = abundant classified by linking of the
silica tetrahedral, their composition
ferromagnesian minerals - ANSWER group of minerals in which
Fe and Mg serve as the cations that bind the silica tetrahedra
together, generally dark minerals in most rocks
clay - ANSWER minerals are formed from the alteration of
aluminum silicates in both celfic and mafic rocks
-predominantly composed of silica and aluminum
-clay size fraction (<2uM)
non-silicates - ANSWER -the chemical composition of the anion
-type of cation
(gold, silver, copper, calcite, gypsum, hematite, pyrite, etc.)
carbonates - ANSWER CaCO3 (calcite mineral). is one of the
most abundant minerals in Earth crust.
sulfates - ANSWER gypsum (CaSO4) forms in evaporitic
environments
sulfides - ANSWER chief minerals in a number of metal ores,
pyrite (FeS2), sulphide anion (S2-) with metal cations
,hydroxides/oxides - ANSWER O2- or OH- bonded to metal cations,
serves as a primary source of Fe, Al, Mn, Ti (economic importance), ferric
hydroxide, hematite, magnetite, etc.
hardness - ANSWER an approximate measure of how readily a mineral
scratches, uses the Mohs scale, hardness can depend on the strength of
the chemical bonds (covalent = strongest)
igneous rock - ANSWER volcanic, rocks that form out crystallization of
magma, classified according to texture
sedimentary rocksextru - ANSWER form from the weathering of
a different rock
metamorphic rocks - ANSWER rocks under high temp and
pressure in deep crust and upper mantle
intrusive igneous rock - ANSWER rock formed from the cooling
and solidification of magma BENEATH Earth's surface
extrusive igneous rock - ANSWER rock that forms from the
cooling and solidification of lava ON Earth's surface, fine-grained
clastic rock - ANSWER sedimentary rock that forms when rock
fragments are squeezed together under high pressure, via
lithification
lithification - ANSWER The process that converts sediments into
solid rock by burying (sandstone), compaction(siltstone) or
cementation (shale).
diagenesis - ANSWER the physical and chemical changes
occurring during the conversion of sediment to sedimentary rock
metamorphism - ANSWER the process in which one type of rock
changes into metamorphic rock because of chemical processes
, or changes in temperature and pressure
regional metamorphism - ANSWER at convergent plate boundaries
occurs at moderate to deep levels under moderate to ultra-high pressures
and high temp (large-scale), takes place during mountain building
contact metamorphism - ANSWER affects a thin zone of country
rock around an igneous intrusion (small-scale, where magma
contacts rock)
convergent plate boundary - ANSWER plates moving towards
one another on a collision course
divergent plate boundary - ANSWER separating plates
tranform boundary - ANSWER plates that slide past each other
elastic deformation - ANSWER the amount of deformation is
proportional to the amount of stress applied (brittle vs ductile)
seafloor spreading - ANSWER at mid-ocean ridges, the release of
pressure as the plates move apart allow hot magma from the
asthenosphere to reach the ocean floor. There it cool and crystallizes to
form new lithosphere. The system of mid-ocean
ridges along divergent plate boundaries forms linear submarine
mountain chains
continental rifting - ANSWER mantle material also rises from near the
core-mantle boundary in the form of 'thermal plumes'. When a plume nears
the lithosphere with overlying continent, it spreads laterally, doming the
overlying plate and moving the rifted segments outward from the central
area. Uplift results in fractures that eventually can open to form narrow
oceanic tracts.
Wilson Cycle - ANSWER opening and closing of an ocean
ocean-continent - ANSWER
