MCN 548 CH 5 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS
May lose up to 5-8% of birthweight but should regain w/I 10-14 days. Wt loss of 10% or
more req close monitoring and possibly further eval. Gain after the initial loss averages
0.5-1oz/day or 2 lb per month. Nutritional needs are about 110kcal/kg/day. - ANSWER
Birth to 1 month physical development
Sleep about 16 out of 24 hrs and breastfeed every 2-3 hrs, may have one longer stretch
of 4hrs at night. Important to assess for normal pitch cry because hypothyroidism and
genetic disorders like cri du chat can cause voice alterations - ANSWER Birth to 1
month physical development
Primary reflexes should be present and symmetric. Passive muscle tone tested through
observation of shoulder (scarf sign) and knee flexibility (popliteal angle). Arm and leg
recoil provide info about symmetry and coordination. Jerkiness and tremors may be
noted. - ANSWER Birth to 1 month motor skills development
should be able to habituate to sound and light. Make sounds of comfort and discomfort. -
ANSWER Birth to 1 mo communication and language development
turns to parent's voice and demonstrates brief smile. Social/emotional dev linked to
moms emotional state - ANSWER Birth to 1 mo social and emotional dev
ability to focus briefly on face or bright object when brought into visual range about 8-12
in from face. Visually track objects to midline - ANSWER Birth to 1 mo Cognitive sensory
development
length inc about 1.4 in per month and HC about 0.8 in/mo. Gains 0.5-1 ounce per day -
ANSWER 1-3 mos physical dev
has 8-10 feeds in 24hrs, each lasting 20-30 min. If feeds longer than 30 min need
evaluation. At 6-8 weeks, may experience growth spurt and fuss to eat more freq. -
ANSWER 1-3 mos physical dev
Elimination patters become more regular. Have 1-2 BMs daily or qod if formula fed, and
from 1-2 X/day to once every 3-5 days if breastfed. Wet diapers after each feed. -
ANSWER 1-3 mos physical dev
Sleep cycles more regular about 15-16 hrs per day w/defined sleep wake patterns.
Fussy periods in late evening lasting 1-3 hrs, crying tends to peak at this age, usu lasts
only a few weeks. Regular nap/nighttime routines help keep calmer. Explain shaken
baby syndrome and encourage coping skills. - ANSWER 1-3 mos physical dev
attempt to grasp rattles, fingers, and clothing. Visible head control, lifting head off bed
, about 45 deg when prone and little head droop when held in suspension. Symmetric
body movements. - ANSWER 1-3 mos motor skills development
start to make cooing and babbling sounds, body movements cont to be primary form of
communication - ANSWER 1-3 mos communication and language dev
infants demonstrate a social smile and will usu smile in response to parents voice.
Important for caregivers to develop sensitivity to infant cues for need to rest or to have
dec stimulation. - ANSWER 1-3 mos social and emotional dev
visually tracks past midline, vertically, and horizontally. Begin to enjoy toys and may
wave arms when toy is brought into sight. - ANSWER 1-3 mos cognitive development
regular patterns of eating, sleeping, playing. Sleep 12-15 hrs a day w/5 feedings/day and
one during night. Double birth wt, slow growth to gain 5oz/week. Length inc about 0.8
inch/month, HC inc about 0.4 in/mo. - ANSWER 4-5 mos physical development
Moro and asymmetric tonic neck integrated, no longer obligation of arm extension
w/head turning. Landau reflex emerges. Begin to roll, first form front to back. Should be
no head lag when pulled to sit. Hold head up at 45 deg, then progress to 90 when prone.
Learns to sit, lift legs when supine and bring feet to mouth, bear full wt when standing.
All body movements should be symmetric. - ANSWER 4-5 mos motor skills
begin babbling, vowel sounds, cooing, laughing. Search for sound of bell or rattle. -
ANSWER 4-5 mos communication and language
spontaneous smiling at parents and others while following parent around environment
and turning head 180 deg. Begin to recognize parents are responding to them. Crying
may reflect tiredness or need for social interaction, not just hunger. - ANSWER 4-5 mos
social and emotional development
visual exploration increases, able to bring toy to their mouth when lying on back and
then when sitting - ANSWER 4-5 mos cognitive dev
Wt gain slows to 3-4 oz/week or 1 lb/mo. Length about 0.5-0.6 in/mo and HC 0.2 in/mo.
Teething s/s can begin at this time. First illness might occur at same time. - ANSWER 6-8
mos physical development
sit erect for longer periods and may scoot while sitting. Crawling begins, may stand fully
supporting their wt. use palm and all fingers to pick up objects, initially rake then use
fingers and thumb to pick up object. Can hold toy in each hand at same time and
transfer objects from 1 hand to another. - ANSWER 6-8 mos motor skills dev
articulate single sound units, may be vowels, consonants, or blends. Progress to double
consonant sounds, use mama and dada but not specifically. Distinguish facial
expressions and gestures. Encourage reading to infants daily. TV or movies should be
discouraged. - ANSWER 6-8 mos communication and language
enjoy social play, use gestures like pointing, reaching w/outstretched arms, tugging,
ACCURATE ANSWERS
May lose up to 5-8% of birthweight but should regain w/I 10-14 days. Wt loss of 10% or
more req close monitoring and possibly further eval. Gain after the initial loss averages
0.5-1oz/day or 2 lb per month. Nutritional needs are about 110kcal/kg/day. - ANSWER
Birth to 1 month physical development
Sleep about 16 out of 24 hrs and breastfeed every 2-3 hrs, may have one longer stretch
of 4hrs at night. Important to assess for normal pitch cry because hypothyroidism and
genetic disorders like cri du chat can cause voice alterations - ANSWER Birth to 1
month physical development
Primary reflexes should be present and symmetric. Passive muscle tone tested through
observation of shoulder (scarf sign) and knee flexibility (popliteal angle). Arm and leg
recoil provide info about symmetry and coordination. Jerkiness and tremors may be
noted. - ANSWER Birth to 1 month motor skills development
should be able to habituate to sound and light. Make sounds of comfort and discomfort. -
ANSWER Birth to 1 mo communication and language development
turns to parent's voice and demonstrates brief smile. Social/emotional dev linked to
moms emotional state - ANSWER Birth to 1 mo social and emotional dev
ability to focus briefly on face or bright object when brought into visual range about 8-12
in from face. Visually track objects to midline - ANSWER Birth to 1 mo Cognitive sensory
development
length inc about 1.4 in per month and HC about 0.8 in/mo. Gains 0.5-1 ounce per day -
ANSWER 1-3 mos physical dev
has 8-10 feeds in 24hrs, each lasting 20-30 min. If feeds longer than 30 min need
evaluation. At 6-8 weeks, may experience growth spurt and fuss to eat more freq. -
ANSWER 1-3 mos physical dev
Elimination patters become more regular. Have 1-2 BMs daily or qod if formula fed, and
from 1-2 X/day to once every 3-5 days if breastfed. Wet diapers after each feed. -
ANSWER 1-3 mos physical dev
Sleep cycles more regular about 15-16 hrs per day w/defined sleep wake patterns.
Fussy periods in late evening lasting 1-3 hrs, crying tends to peak at this age, usu lasts
only a few weeks. Regular nap/nighttime routines help keep calmer. Explain shaken
baby syndrome and encourage coping skills. - ANSWER 1-3 mos physical dev
attempt to grasp rattles, fingers, and clothing. Visible head control, lifting head off bed
, about 45 deg when prone and little head droop when held in suspension. Symmetric
body movements. - ANSWER 1-3 mos motor skills development
start to make cooing and babbling sounds, body movements cont to be primary form of
communication - ANSWER 1-3 mos communication and language dev
infants demonstrate a social smile and will usu smile in response to parents voice.
Important for caregivers to develop sensitivity to infant cues for need to rest or to have
dec stimulation. - ANSWER 1-3 mos social and emotional dev
visually tracks past midline, vertically, and horizontally. Begin to enjoy toys and may
wave arms when toy is brought into sight. - ANSWER 1-3 mos cognitive development
regular patterns of eating, sleeping, playing. Sleep 12-15 hrs a day w/5 feedings/day and
one during night. Double birth wt, slow growth to gain 5oz/week. Length inc about 0.8
inch/month, HC inc about 0.4 in/mo. - ANSWER 4-5 mos physical development
Moro and asymmetric tonic neck integrated, no longer obligation of arm extension
w/head turning. Landau reflex emerges. Begin to roll, first form front to back. Should be
no head lag when pulled to sit. Hold head up at 45 deg, then progress to 90 when prone.
Learns to sit, lift legs when supine and bring feet to mouth, bear full wt when standing.
All body movements should be symmetric. - ANSWER 4-5 mos motor skills
begin babbling, vowel sounds, cooing, laughing. Search for sound of bell or rattle. -
ANSWER 4-5 mos communication and language
spontaneous smiling at parents and others while following parent around environment
and turning head 180 deg. Begin to recognize parents are responding to them. Crying
may reflect tiredness or need for social interaction, not just hunger. - ANSWER 4-5 mos
social and emotional development
visual exploration increases, able to bring toy to their mouth when lying on back and
then when sitting - ANSWER 4-5 mos cognitive dev
Wt gain slows to 3-4 oz/week or 1 lb/mo. Length about 0.5-0.6 in/mo and HC 0.2 in/mo.
Teething s/s can begin at this time. First illness might occur at same time. - ANSWER 6-8
mos physical development
sit erect for longer periods and may scoot while sitting. Crawling begins, may stand fully
supporting their wt. use palm and all fingers to pick up objects, initially rake then use
fingers and thumb to pick up object. Can hold toy in each hand at same time and
transfer objects from 1 hand to another. - ANSWER 6-8 mos motor skills dev
articulate single sound units, may be vowels, consonants, or blends. Progress to double
consonant sounds, use mama and dada but not specifically. Distinguish facial
expressions and gestures. Encourage reading to infants daily. TV or movies should be
discouraged. - ANSWER 6-8 mos communication and language
enjoy social play, use gestures like pointing, reaching w/outstretched arms, tugging,
