PNR 208 Community Exam 1
Community-oriented nursing
centered on the population or community. Primarily focused on health promotion rather than
illness care, in a whole group of people rather than individuals.
Community-Based Health Care Based in the community. Illness care OF individuals IN the
community. Home health care, hospice, schools, occupational health. Illness care instead of
health promotion and health maintenance. Individuals as opposed to communities and
populations.
Public Health
A specialty of community-oriented nursing. Combination of nursing and public health science,
health promotion and maintenance. Focused mostly on primarily and secondary prevention of
acute and chronic illness with devastating consequences and the prevention of injuries and
illnesses that lead to early death. More policy making and execution than direct nursing care.
Policy making guided by epidemiology and statistics.
Behavior modification
The most effective method of preventing premature illness and death is through health-related
___________ ___________ (alcohol, tobacco, drug use, seatbelts, helmets, exercise, wellness
visits, etc.)
Behavior Modification
About 70% of what makes us sick/kills us early can be prevented through health related
__________ _____________
Primary Prevention
Primary is Prevention: Prevention of the problem before it ever occurs; prevention of illness or
injury, like helmet or seat belt campaigns, or immunizations.
Secondary Prevention
Screening is the second. Early identification for early intervention. Early detection preventing
complications, attempt to reverse the course. Recommendations for routine screenings (such
as a mammogram, annual blood pressure screening, and pap smears) Tertiary Prevention
Treatment is tertiary. Management of disease to reduce the symptoms and improve quality of
life. Medications, low Na+ diet, checking blood glucose in diabetic, weight loss for someone
with HTN or T2DM, etc.
Uninsured and underinsured
these individuals generally receive less preventive care , are Dx'd at more advanced stages of
disease, and receive fewer therapeutic care once Dx'd than those with high quality health
insurance.
Affordable Care Act
This law improved access to healthcare through providing government subsidies for those who
couldn't afford employer based or private insurance and through mandates that required
individuals to carry health insurance or be penalized. It did not reduce the costs of high tech
, medical care. It shifted the focus toward population level interventions. it also expanded
Medicaid eligibility.
Uninsured individuals, access to quality health care based on insured status, longer life
expectancy, baby boomers, affordable care act, unemployment.
What is impacting health care system in the US?
Vulnerability
susceptibility to actual or potential stressors that may lead to an adverse effect; increased risk
for adverse health outcomes. Risks that are genetic and can worsen health as a result of things
like pollution, lead paint, too much noise, etc. Epidemiological Triangle
Describes the relationship that can lead to illness. The components of the triangle are: -the
host, or the people who may get sick
-the agent, or the disease causing microbe, chemical or behavior
-the environment, or what surrounds the host that contributes to or reduces the risk of illness
such as water or food quality
Vulnerable populations
Members of ____________ ____________ often have multiple illnesses, each impacting the
other
Resilience
The ability to resist succumbing to the health risks.
Early life experiences
Resiliency is influenced by ________ _____ ____________. Negative events in childhood that
aren't dealt with through counseling or other approaches can decrease resiliency.
levels of self-assurance Children and adolescents with higher resiliency levels are better able to
cope with traumatic events or natural disasters. Disenfranchisement
The feeling that a person is on the outside of everyone else, forgotten, unimportant, unseen.
Refers to a feeling of separation from mainstream society.
Vulnerable Populations
Poor, homeless, pregnant teens, veterans, migrant workers/immigrants, severely mentally ill,
substance abuser, HIV, hepatitis B, and sexually transmitted infections Poor individuals
Often live in unsafe arears, work in stressful environments, have less acess to health
foods/exercise, more likely to be uninsured/underinsured
Domestic Violence
Women may choose to endure __________ ____________ to survive outside the
marriage/partnership; even more so when there are children in the picture.
Factors that affect health
-Income and social status
-Education
-Physical environment
-Social support networks
-Genetics
-Health services
-Gender
Veterans (/Military)
Community-oriented nursing
centered on the population or community. Primarily focused on health promotion rather than
illness care, in a whole group of people rather than individuals.
Community-Based Health Care Based in the community. Illness care OF individuals IN the
community. Home health care, hospice, schools, occupational health. Illness care instead of
health promotion and health maintenance. Individuals as opposed to communities and
populations.
Public Health
A specialty of community-oriented nursing. Combination of nursing and public health science,
health promotion and maintenance. Focused mostly on primarily and secondary prevention of
acute and chronic illness with devastating consequences and the prevention of injuries and
illnesses that lead to early death. More policy making and execution than direct nursing care.
Policy making guided by epidemiology and statistics.
Behavior modification
The most effective method of preventing premature illness and death is through health-related
___________ ___________ (alcohol, tobacco, drug use, seatbelts, helmets, exercise, wellness
visits, etc.)
Behavior Modification
About 70% of what makes us sick/kills us early can be prevented through health related
__________ _____________
Primary Prevention
Primary is Prevention: Prevention of the problem before it ever occurs; prevention of illness or
injury, like helmet or seat belt campaigns, or immunizations.
Secondary Prevention
Screening is the second. Early identification for early intervention. Early detection preventing
complications, attempt to reverse the course. Recommendations for routine screenings (such
as a mammogram, annual blood pressure screening, and pap smears) Tertiary Prevention
Treatment is tertiary. Management of disease to reduce the symptoms and improve quality of
life. Medications, low Na+ diet, checking blood glucose in diabetic, weight loss for someone
with HTN or T2DM, etc.
Uninsured and underinsured
these individuals generally receive less preventive care , are Dx'd at more advanced stages of
disease, and receive fewer therapeutic care once Dx'd than those with high quality health
insurance.
Affordable Care Act
This law improved access to healthcare through providing government subsidies for those who
couldn't afford employer based or private insurance and through mandates that required
individuals to carry health insurance or be penalized. It did not reduce the costs of high tech
, medical care. It shifted the focus toward population level interventions. it also expanded
Medicaid eligibility.
Uninsured individuals, access to quality health care based on insured status, longer life
expectancy, baby boomers, affordable care act, unemployment.
What is impacting health care system in the US?
Vulnerability
susceptibility to actual or potential stressors that may lead to an adverse effect; increased risk
for adverse health outcomes. Risks that are genetic and can worsen health as a result of things
like pollution, lead paint, too much noise, etc. Epidemiological Triangle
Describes the relationship that can lead to illness. The components of the triangle are: -the
host, or the people who may get sick
-the agent, or the disease causing microbe, chemical or behavior
-the environment, or what surrounds the host that contributes to or reduces the risk of illness
such as water or food quality
Vulnerable populations
Members of ____________ ____________ often have multiple illnesses, each impacting the
other
Resilience
The ability to resist succumbing to the health risks.
Early life experiences
Resiliency is influenced by ________ _____ ____________. Negative events in childhood that
aren't dealt with through counseling or other approaches can decrease resiliency.
levels of self-assurance Children and adolescents with higher resiliency levels are better able to
cope with traumatic events or natural disasters. Disenfranchisement
The feeling that a person is on the outside of everyone else, forgotten, unimportant, unseen.
Refers to a feeling of separation from mainstream society.
Vulnerable Populations
Poor, homeless, pregnant teens, veterans, migrant workers/immigrants, severely mentally ill,
substance abuser, HIV, hepatitis B, and sexually transmitted infections Poor individuals
Often live in unsafe arears, work in stressful environments, have less acess to health
foods/exercise, more likely to be uninsured/underinsured
Domestic Violence
Women may choose to endure __________ ____________ to survive outside the
marriage/partnership; even more so when there are children in the picture.
Factors that affect health
-Income and social status
-Education
-Physical environment
-Social support networks
-Genetics
-Health services
-Gender
Veterans (/Military)
