SPAA 344 END TERM EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
when do fetuses begin perceiving auditory stimuli?
several weeks prior to birth
what are the auditory milestones for birth-3 months?
-reacts to loud sounds with startle
-reacts to sounds that are close by
-responds to low-frequency sounds (vowels) better than high-frequency sounds (consonants)
-recognizes mother's voice by 3 months
what are the auditory milestones for 4-6 months?
-turns eyes/head to search for sounds
-enjoys sounds of musical toys
-enjoys hearing own sounds
-responds to voices
-begins differentiating sounds
what are the auditory milestones for 7-9 months?
-in sitting position, turns eyes/head/body to sound stimuli
-response to simple requests
-imitates speech and non-speech sounds
-responds to name
-attends to music/singing
what are the auditory milestones for 10-12 months?
-responds physically to music
-responds to questions by searching
-can look for named object that is out of sight
-understands some common phrases
,what are our basic perception abilities in terms of frequency?
20-20,000 Hz
what are our basic perception abilities in terms of intensity?
up to 130-140 dB SPL
are vowels or consonants more intense?
vowels
faint speech level (when mean SPL is measured 1 meter from the speaker)
45 dB SPL/25 dB HL
average speech level (when mean SPL is measured 1 meter from the speaker)
65 dB SPL/45 dB HL
loud speech (when mean SPL is measured 1 meter from the speaker)
85 dB SPL/65 dB HL
what is the range of intensity of speech in contrast to the human dynamic range of hearing?
relatively small
how far away is mean SPL measured from the speaker?
1 meter
what frequencies contain the greatest amount of energy found in speech?
below 1,000
what is the symbol for fundamental frequency?
F0
what are the spectral characteristics of vowels?
-usually below 1,000 Hz
-usually have high intensity
, what are formants?
areas of energy concentration that result from the resonances occurring in the vocal tract
what helps with vowel identification?
acoustic cues
what are the characteristics of consonants?
-less intensity
-broader high frequency spectral composition than vowels
what are the 5 features of consonants?
-voicing
-nasality
-affrication
-duration
-place of articulation
what are the suprasegmental features?
-intonation
-rhythm
-stress
-pitch
what do temporal acoustics of speech consist of?
-duration
-rate of speech
what does duration consist of?
-individual speech sounds: 20-400 ms
-vowels > consonants
what does rate of speech consist of?
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
when do fetuses begin perceiving auditory stimuli?
several weeks prior to birth
what are the auditory milestones for birth-3 months?
-reacts to loud sounds with startle
-reacts to sounds that are close by
-responds to low-frequency sounds (vowels) better than high-frequency sounds (consonants)
-recognizes mother's voice by 3 months
what are the auditory milestones for 4-6 months?
-turns eyes/head to search for sounds
-enjoys sounds of musical toys
-enjoys hearing own sounds
-responds to voices
-begins differentiating sounds
what are the auditory milestones for 7-9 months?
-in sitting position, turns eyes/head/body to sound stimuli
-response to simple requests
-imitates speech and non-speech sounds
-responds to name
-attends to music/singing
what are the auditory milestones for 10-12 months?
-responds physically to music
-responds to questions by searching
-can look for named object that is out of sight
-understands some common phrases
,what are our basic perception abilities in terms of frequency?
20-20,000 Hz
what are our basic perception abilities in terms of intensity?
up to 130-140 dB SPL
are vowels or consonants more intense?
vowels
faint speech level (when mean SPL is measured 1 meter from the speaker)
45 dB SPL/25 dB HL
average speech level (when mean SPL is measured 1 meter from the speaker)
65 dB SPL/45 dB HL
loud speech (when mean SPL is measured 1 meter from the speaker)
85 dB SPL/65 dB HL
what is the range of intensity of speech in contrast to the human dynamic range of hearing?
relatively small
how far away is mean SPL measured from the speaker?
1 meter
what frequencies contain the greatest amount of energy found in speech?
below 1,000
what is the symbol for fundamental frequency?
F0
what are the spectral characteristics of vowels?
-usually below 1,000 Hz
-usually have high intensity
, what are formants?
areas of energy concentration that result from the resonances occurring in the vocal tract
what helps with vowel identification?
acoustic cues
what are the characteristics of consonants?
-less intensity
-broader high frequency spectral composition than vowels
what are the 5 features of consonants?
-voicing
-nasality
-affrication
-duration
-place of articulation
what are the suprasegmental features?
-intonation
-rhythm
-stress
-pitch
what do temporal acoustics of speech consist of?
-duration
-rate of speech
what does duration consist of?
-individual speech sounds: 20-400 ms
-vowels > consonants
what does rate of speech consist of?
