NURS 3366 EXAM 2 -2025- ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
What is active acquired immunity?
person own immunocyte system developed the antibodies that established immunity
Natural active acquired immunity?
persons plasma cells build up antibodies in response to microbially-induced sickness
Artificial active acquired immunity?
persons plasma cells build up antibodies in response to receiving immunization
booster can be given for MMR because antibodies become weaker over time
Passive acquired immunity?
given someone elses antibodies and did not develop the antibodies on their own
Natural passive acquired immunity?
transfer of antibodies from mom to baby via placenta (MatAb antibodies cross
placental membrane from her blood to fetus and disintegrate by time baby is 2-3
months old) or breast milk (some MatAbs can transfer during breast feeding but after
baby stops breastfeeding, MatAbs disintegrate)
temporary antibodies!!
Artificial passive acquired immunity?
antibodies are injected during treatment in emergencies until active immunity can
develop
ex: TIG (tetanus immunoglobin) given to pt with dirty would who has never had
tetanus/has not had booster in long time
What is the 1st line of defense and how does it work?
1
,Skin!
-sweat has antibacterial and antifungal properties
Eye defense?
1st line of defense
-tears (Sjogren's syndrome) autoimmune that dries up lubricating fluids all over body
not just tears
-eyelashes
Respiratory defense?
mucus in nose traps bacteria
cilia of bronchi cells sweep away foreign bodies
cough reflex
Gastrointestinal defense?
-saliva with protective enzymes
-HCl in stomach
gage reflex/vomiting gets rid of injurious agents
-bowels
Genitourinary defense?
-flow of urine washes away microbes
-vaginal secretions slightly acidic-kills bacteria
What is the second line of defense- inflammation characterized by?
-swelling
-heat
-erythema (redness)
-pain
-if not enough will bring in 3rd line of defense- acquired immunity
2
,What are B and T cells?
T lymphocytes- defend body by direct attack against invaders
B lymphocytes- defend body by differentiating into plasma cells, creating antibodies
and will now "lay in wait" and always "remember"
Antigens?
proteins that can stimulate immunocyte reaction against them
-normal for body to respond to antigens that are foreign to our body, but abnormal
to respond to self antigens
Antibodies?
IgG, IgA, IgE
-proteins that respond with specificity according to type of antigen entering body
What are advantages and disadvantages of passive immunity?
advantages:
-powerful to immediately fight disease
-immediately begin attacking microbes
disadvantages:
-only lasts as long as antibody lasts- about 2 weeks
What is the purpose of the inflammatory response?
facilitate shifting of substances from blood into injured/irritated tissues to:
-clean up healing area, begin clotting process and promote healing
-stimulate enhanced immunocyte response as needed
Step 1 of inflammatory response?
Leakiness in 3 ways
1- irritated/injured cells that makeup tissues undergo disruption to metabolic
pathway--loss of cell membrane integrity--leakage of fluid in area
3
, 2- mast cell degranulation occurs (tissue in body made up of mast cells)--stimulated
by injury- will degranulate and LEAK chemical "granules"-- local inflammatory
mediators (leukotrienes, histamine, prostaglandins)
3-cause capillaries in area to swell up and vasodilate (relax) and more permeable so
leak plasma from blood to tissue and this leaking plasma contains neutrophils,
clotting factors and fibring
if MORE inflammation is needed- SYSTEMIC inflammatory mediators come to
area via bloodstream to "POUR FUEL ON FIRE" aka ACUTE PHASE
REACTANTS- CPR, circulating prostaglandins
Step 2 of inflammation process?
-neutrophils (phagocytic WBC in blood) and macrophages (phagocytic cells in
tissue) phagocytize "eat and destroy" dirt, debris, dying tissue or microbes they
might find in the area
-combination of plasma, phagocytes, dead tissue, bacteria, fibrin cells result in thick
fluid called exudate
(little microbe involvement will have clear gold color called serous exudate and if
has blood- serosanguinous)
-if more microbe and WBC involvement- infection- exudate becomes thick and
white/yellow and is purulent exudate or pus
Step 3 of inflammation process?
if bacteria, viruses were apart of the mix from step 2, macrophages will have
phagocytized and processed them and need help from 3rd line of defense- acquired
immunity!
-the lymphocytes will help kill microbes and create memory (immunity)
4
CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
What is active acquired immunity?
person own immunocyte system developed the antibodies that established immunity
Natural active acquired immunity?
persons plasma cells build up antibodies in response to microbially-induced sickness
Artificial active acquired immunity?
persons plasma cells build up antibodies in response to receiving immunization
booster can be given for MMR because antibodies become weaker over time
Passive acquired immunity?
given someone elses antibodies and did not develop the antibodies on their own
Natural passive acquired immunity?
transfer of antibodies from mom to baby via placenta (MatAb antibodies cross
placental membrane from her blood to fetus and disintegrate by time baby is 2-3
months old) or breast milk (some MatAbs can transfer during breast feeding but after
baby stops breastfeeding, MatAbs disintegrate)
temporary antibodies!!
Artificial passive acquired immunity?
antibodies are injected during treatment in emergencies until active immunity can
develop
ex: TIG (tetanus immunoglobin) given to pt with dirty would who has never had
tetanus/has not had booster in long time
What is the 1st line of defense and how does it work?
1
,Skin!
-sweat has antibacterial and antifungal properties
Eye defense?
1st line of defense
-tears (Sjogren's syndrome) autoimmune that dries up lubricating fluids all over body
not just tears
-eyelashes
Respiratory defense?
mucus in nose traps bacteria
cilia of bronchi cells sweep away foreign bodies
cough reflex
Gastrointestinal defense?
-saliva with protective enzymes
-HCl in stomach
gage reflex/vomiting gets rid of injurious agents
-bowels
Genitourinary defense?
-flow of urine washes away microbes
-vaginal secretions slightly acidic-kills bacteria
What is the second line of defense- inflammation characterized by?
-swelling
-heat
-erythema (redness)
-pain
-if not enough will bring in 3rd line of defense- acquired immunity
2
,What are B and T cells?
T lymphocytes- defend body by direct attack against invaders
B lymphocytes- defend body by differentiating into plasma cells, creating antibodies
and will now "lay in wait" and always "remember"
Antigens?
proteins that can stimulate immunocyte reaction against them
-normal for body to respond to antigens that are foreign to our body, but abnormal
to respond to self antigens
Antibodies?
IgG, IgA, IgE
-proteins that respond with specificity according to type of antigen entering body
What are advantages and disadvantages of passive immunity?
advantages:
-powerful to immediately fight disease
-immediately begin attacking microbes
disadvantages:
-only lasts as long as antibody lasts- about 2 weeks
What is the purpose of the inflammatory response?
facilitate shifting of substances from blood into injured/irritated tissues to:
-clean up healing area, begin clotting process and promote healing
-stimulate enhanced immunocyte response as needed
Step 1 of inflammatory response?
Leakiness in 3 ways
1- irritated/injured cells that makeup tissues undergo disruption to metabolic
pathway--loss of cell membrane integrity--leakage of fluid in area
3
, 2- mast cell degranulation occurs (tissue in body made up of mast cells)--stimulated
by injury- will degranulate and LEAK chemical "granules"-- local inflammatory
mediators (leukotrienes, histamine, prostaglandins)
3-cause capillaries in area to swell up and vasodilate (relax) and more permeable so
leak plasma from blood to tissue and this leaking plasma contains neutrophils,
clotting factors and fibring
if MORE inflammation is needed- SYSTEMIC inflammatory mediators come to
area via bloodstream to "POUR FUEL ON FIRE" aka ACUTE PHASE
REACTANTS- CPR, circulating prostaglandins
Step 2 of inflammation process?
-neutrophils (phagocytic WBC in blood) and macrophages (phagocytic cells in
tissue) phagocytize "eat and destroy" dirt, debris, dying tissue or microbes they
might find in the area
-combination of plasma, phagocytes, dead tissue, bacteria, fibrin cells result in thick
fluid called exudate
(little microbe involvement will have clear gold color called serous exudate and if
has blood- serosanguinous)
-if more microbe and WBC involvement- infection- exudate becomes thick and
white/yellow and is purulent exudate or pus
Step 3 of inflammation process?
if bacteria, viruses were apart of the mix from step 2, macrophages will have
phagocytized and processed them and need help from 3rd line of defense- acquired
immunity!
-the lymphocytes will help kill microbes and create memory (immunity)
4
