NSG 5003 – WEEK 1: CELLULAR FUNCTION, GENETICS, INHERITANCE | Answered 100% Correctly with Rationales.

NSG 5003 – WEEK 1: CELLULAR FUNCTION, GENETICS, INHERITANCE Total Verified Questions: 44 (Part 1: Questions 1–24 with Rationales) 1. It is true that a eukaryotic cell: A) Is smaller than a prokaryotic cell B) Contains structures called organelles C) Lacks a well-defined nucleus D) Does not contain histones 2. The function of histones in eukaryotic cells focuses on: A) Division B) Movement C) Activities D) DNA folding 3. Which organelle is responsible for metabolism of cellular energy? A) Golgi complex B) Mitochondrion C) Endoplasmic reticulum D) Nucleolus 4. Which statement best describes a desmosome? A) A desmosome is a barrier to diffusion B) Desmosomes hold cells together by continuous bands C) A desmosome is a communicating tunnel D) Desmosomes function as a zona occludens 5. Which statement describes the function of a second messenger? A) Extracellular ligand that binds membrane-bound receptors B) Intracellular enzyme triggering a cascade C) Chemical messenger that opens membrane channels D) Messenger that blocks receptor signal 6. Which statement is correct regarding cellular energy? A) Glycolysis builds sugar molecules B) Oxidative metabolism is one reaction C) Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in mitochondria D) Anaerobic glycolysis requires oxygen 7. Which describes an amphipathic molecule? A) Hydrophobic only B) Hydrophilic only C) Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic D) Nonpolar 8. Which of the following are functions of proteins? (Select all that apply) A) Pores or transport channels B) Enzymes that drive pumps C) Cell surface markers D) Synapses for cells 9. Which is the most common cause of cellular injury? A) Free radical injury B) Chemical injury C) Hypoxia D) Mechanical factors 10. Which describes the term chemotaxis? A) Uses second messenger B) Cellular signal to origin cell C) Movement along chemical gradient D) Ligand binds, triggers second reaction 11. When extracellular fluid is hypotonic, what happens to the cell? A) Cell swelling B) No change in size C) Cell shrinkage D) Cell death 12. Breast changes in puberty/pregnancy describe what cellular adaptation? A) Hypertrophy B) Dysplasia C) Hyperplasia D) Poison 13. An active process of programmed self-destruction is called: A) Necrosis B) Adaptation C) Fragmentation D) Apoptosis 14. Which organic compounds act as membrane receptors and channels? A) Lipids B) Proteases C) Proteins D) Carbohydrates 15. What is the correct order of enzyme creation and release? 16. True or False: Signal transduction conveys signals from outside to inside the cell. 17. True or False: ATP is the main energy-transfer molecule. 18. Facilitated diffusion uses: B) No energy C) DNA D) Ribosomes 19. Osmosis is the movement of: A) Solutes B) Ions C) Water D) Proteins 20. What are the 3 stages of carcinogenesis? A) Inflammation, initiation, spread B) Initiation, promotion, progression C) Injury, mitosis, neoplasia D) Mutation, apoptosis, necrosis 21. Select the primary components of the plasma membrane. (Select all that apply) A) Proteins B) Phospholipids C) Nucleotides D) Cholesterol 22. Which cells divide via mitosis? A) Germ cells B) Mature somatic cells C) Neurons D) Red blood cells 23. What does the Golgi apparatus do? A) Make ATP B) Digest foreign particles C) Modify, sort, and package proteins D) Store DNA 24. What defines active transport? A) Moves solutes with gradient B) Requires no energy C) Moves solutes against gradient using energy D) Moves water only