Psychology 200 NOVA EXAM 1 Study
Guide |312 Questions and Answers
Psychology - -the scientific study of mind and behavior
- Mind - -The private inner experience of perceptions, thoughts, memories,
and feelings.
- Behavior - -Observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals.
- 3 Key Questions in Psychology - -How do we perceive the electrical and
chemical activity in our brains as things like thoughts, feelings, and
behavior?
How do our minds respond to, and learn from, the world around us so
quickly, and in ways that ensure our survival?
What leads the mind to function so ineffectively in some people, such as in
those who experience hallucinations, dramatic mood swings, or intense
urges to end their own lives?
- Nativism - -The philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are
innate or inborn.
- Does Nativism reflect "Nature" or "Nurture"? - -Nuture
- How did work with brain damaged patients help establish a mind- body
connection? - -When Paul Broca worked with a patient who had suffered
damage to a small part of the left side of the brain the patient was virtually
unable to speak yet was able to understand everything that was said and
could communicate using gestures. Broca had the crucial insight that
damage to a specific part of the brain impaired a specific mental function,
clearly demonstrating that the mind and body are linked.
- Who is credited as being the founder of psychology including teaching its
first course and opening its first lab in 1879? - -Wilhelm Wundt
- consciousness - -A person's subjective experience of the world and the
mind.
- How did Wundt study consciousness using stimuli and reaction time? - -He
would train his human participants to respond after he applied pressure. He
would then use the time of the stimulus to the time reacted as his basis for
how long nerve impulses took to reach the brain and respond.
,- Structuralism - -The analysis of the basic elements that constitute the
mind.
- Introspection - -The subjective observation of one's own experience.
- What is the problem with using introspection as a research method? - -
People see things differently due to their own experiences so using this
method for research would pose a problem since there would be no
consistency.
- Functionalism - -The study of how mental processes enable people to
adapt to their environments.
- William James ideas on how consciousness should be studied? - -He
thought of consciousness like a flowing stream and to understand it, you
needed to understand it in its entirety.
- Wundt's ideas on how consciousness should be studied? - -He thought
consciousness could be broken down into separate elements.
- Charles Darwin's Theory (Natural Selection) - -The features of an organism
that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be
passed on to subsequent generations.
- Hysteria - -A temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually as a
result of emotionally upsetting experiences.
- Unconscious - -The part of the mind that operates outside of conscious
awareness but influences conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions.
- Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory - -An approach that emphasizes the
importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts,
and behaviors.
- Psychoanalysis - -A therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing
unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand
psychological disorders.
- Criticism of Psychoanalysis - -The Victorian Era thought it was "dirty".
Nowadays we think its unscientific. People don't like it when You analyze
them.
- Humanistic Psychology - -An approach to understanding human nature
that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings.
, - The Founder(s) of Humanistic Psychology - -Abraham Maslow and Carl
Rogers
- Behaviorism - -An approach that advocates that psychologists restrict
themselves to the scientific study of objectively observable behavior.
- S-R Psychology - -A stimulus-response psychology.
- What psychologist is associated with behaviorism? - -John Broadus Watson
- Criticisms of Behaviorism - -This approach was 1 sided (dimensional) and
doesn't account for Free Will.
- Gesalt Psychology - -A psychological approach that emphasizes that we
often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts.
- Cognitive Psychology - -The scientific study of mental processes, including
perception, thought, memory, and reasoning.
- What is behavioral Neuroscience? - -An approach to psychology that links
psychological processes to activities in the Nervous System and other bodily
processes.
- Evolutionary Psychology - -A psychological approach that explains mind
and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved
over time by natural selection.
- Social Psychology - -The study of the cases and consequences of sociality.
- Cultural Psychology - -The study of how cultures reflect and shape the
psychological processes of their members.
- Empiricism - -The belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through
observation.
- Scientific Method - -A procedure for finding the truth using empirical
evidence.
- Theory - -A hypothetical explanation of a natural phenomenon.
- Hypothesis - -A falsifiable prediction made by a theory.
- Operational Definition - -A description of a property in terms of some
concrete, observable event.
Guide |312 Questions and Answers
Psychology - -the scientific study of mind and behavior
- Mind - -The private inner experience of perceptions, thoughts, memories,
and feelings.
- Behavior - -Observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals.
- 3 Key Questions in Psychology - -How do we perceive the electrical and
chemical activity in our brains as things like thoughts, feelings, and
behavior?
How do our minds respond to, and learn from, the world around us so
quickly, and in ways that ensure our survival?
What leads the mind to function so ineffectively in some people, such as in
those who experience hallucinations, dramatic mood swings, or intense
urges to end their own lives?
- Nativism - -The philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are
innate or inborn.
- Does Nativism reflect "Nature" or "Nurture"? - -Nuture
- How did work with brain damaged patients help establish a mind- body
connection? - -When Paul Broca worked with a patient who had suffered
damage to a small part of the left side of the brain the patient was virtually
unable to speak yet was able to understand everything that was said and
could communicate using gestures. Broca had the crucial insight that
damage to a specific part of the brain impaired a specific mental function,
clearly demonstrating that the mind and body are linked.
- Who is credited as being the founder of psychology including teaching its
first course and opening its first lab in 1879? - -Wilhelm Wundt
- consciousness - -A person's subjective experience of the world and the
mind.
- How did Wundt study consciousness using stimuli and reaction time? - -He
would train his human participants to respond after he applied pressure. He
would then use the time of the stimulus to the time reacted as his basis for
how long nerve impulses took to reach the brain and respond.
,- Structuralism - -The analysis of the basic elements that constitute the
mind.
- Introspection - -The subjective observation of one's own experience.
- What is the problem with using introspection as a research method? - -
People see things differently due to their own experiences so using this
method for research would pose a problem since there would be no
consistency.
- Functionalism - -The study of how mental processes enable people to
adapt to their environments.
- William James ideas on how consciousness should be studied? - -He
thought of consciousness like a flowing stream and to understand it, you
needed to understand it in its entirety.
- Wundt's ideas on how consciousness should be studied? - -He thought
consciousness could be broken down into separate elements.
- Charles Darwin's Theory (Natural Selection) - -The features of an organism
that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be
passed on to subsequent generations.
- Hysteria - -A temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually as a
result of emotionally upsetting experiences.
- Unconscious - -The part of the mind that operates outside of conscious
awareness but influences conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions.
- Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory - -An approach that emphasizes the
importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts,
and behaviors.
- Psychoanalysis - -A therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing
unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand
psychological disorders.
- Criticism of Psychoanalysis - -The Victorian Era thought it was "dirty".
Nowadays we think its unscientific. People don't like it when You analyze
them.
- Humanistic Psychology - -An approach to understanding human nature
that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings.
, - The Founder(s) of Humanistic Psychology - -Abraham Maslow and Carl
Rogers
- Behaviorism - -An approach that advocates that psychologists restrict
themselves to the scientific study of objectively observable behavior.
- S-R Psychology - -A stimulus-response psychology.
- What psychologist is associated with behaviorism? - -John Broadus Watson
- Criticisms of Behaviorism - -This approach was 1 sided (dimensional) and
doesn't account for Free Will.
- Gesalt Psychology - -A psychological approach that emphasizes that we
often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts.
- Cognitive Psychology - -The scientific study of mental processes, including
perception, thought, memory, and reasoning.
- What is behavioral Neuroscience? - -An approach to psychology that links
psychological processes to activities in the Nervous System and other bodily
processes.
- Evolutionary Psychology - -A psychological approach that explains mind
and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved
over time by natural selection.
- Social Psychology - -The study of the cases and consequences of sociality.
- Cultural Psychology - -The study of how cultures reflect and shape the
psychological processes of their members.
- Empiricism - -The belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through
observation.
- Scientific Method - -A procedure for finding the truth using empirical
evidence.
- Theory - -A hypothetical explanation of a natural phenomenon.
- Hypothesis - -A falsifiable prediction made by a theory.
- Operational Definition - -A description of a property in terms of some
concrete, observable event.
