NUTR 121 Exam 1 | Actual study set |
Questions and Answers
nutrition - ANSW-- the science that links foods to health and disease
- includes the process by which human organisms work
essential nutrient - ANSW-- what we have to get from our food
- has biological function
- omission results in decline of function- replenishing restores biological function
leading causes of death - ANSW-heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory system
cardiovascular disease - ANSW-- disease that affects the heart and circulatory
- characterized by deposition of fatty acids in blood vessels (hardening of arteries)
- can lead to organ damage and death
hypertension - ANSW-- high blood pressure
- condition in which blood pressure remains persistently elevated
cancer - ANSW-condition characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
diabetes - ANSW-group of diseases characterized by high blood pressure
type 1 diabetes - ANSW-- involves insufficient or no release of the hormone insulin by the pancreas and
requires daily insulin therapy
- usually diagnosed earlier in life
- hereditary more often
type 2 diabetes - ANSW-- results from either insufficient release of insulin or general ability of insulin to
act on a certain body cells
- may or may not require insulin therapy
carbs
lipids
proteins
vitamins
minerals
water - ANSW-6 classes of nutrients
macronutrients - ANSW-- provide calories
- needed in gram quantities in diet
micronutrients - ANSW-- do not provide calories
- needed in milligram or microgram quantities in a diet
carbohydrates - ANSW-- provide majority of calories in our diet
- provide 4 calories/ gram
- simple sugars: monosaccharides, disaccharides
- complex ____: glycogen, starch, and fiber
, lipids/ fats - ANSW-- energy yielding
- provide 9 calories/ gram
- plant and animal sources
- do not dissolve in water
proteins - ANSW-- energy yielding
- provide 4 calories/ gram
- main structural material in the body
- component of blood cells, enzymes, and immune factors
- form when amino acids are bonded together
- dietary sources include animans and plants
vitamins - ANSW-- enable chemical reaction
- cooking destroys water soluble and more rapidly than fat soluble ?
- contains no useable energy
fal soluble vitamins - ANSW-vitamins A, D, E, and K
water soluble vitamins - ANSW-vitamins B and C
minerals - ANSW-- inorganic substances that don't contain carbon atoms
- numerous functions in body
- not destroyed while cooking
- major and trace
- preform electrolyte functions
- provide no calories/ energy
water - ANSW-- acts as solvent and lubricant
- transports nutrients and waste
- medium for temperature regulation
- majority of our body weight
- recommend 9-13 cups a day
- found in foods
- provides no calories/ energy
phytochemical - ANSW-- chemicals found in plants
- some may contribute to reduce risk of cancer or cardiovascular disease in people who consume them
regularly
BMI - ANSW-- ratio of weight to height squared
- correlates relatively well with body fat but does not directly reflect body fat percentage
- does not measure body composition
Apple shape fat distribution - ANSW-- abdominal or central obesity
- associated with insulin resistance, fatty liver, cardiovascular disease, high BP, and type 2 diabetes
- abdominal fat is released into liver and promotes inflammation
Questions and Answers
nutrition - ANSW-- the science that links foods to health and disease
- includes the process by which human organisms work
essential nutrient - ANSW-- what we have to get from our food
- has biological function
- omission results in decline of function- replenishing restores biological function
leading causes of death - ANSW-heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory system
cardiovascular disease - ANSW-- disease that affects the heart and circulatory
- characterized by deposition of fatty acids in blood vessels (hardening of arteries)
- can lead to organ damage and death
hypertension - ANSW-- high blood pressure
- condition in which blood pressure remains persistently elevated
cancer - ANSW-condition characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
diabetes - ANSW-group of diseases characterized by high blood pressure
type 1 diabetes - ANSW-- involves insufficient or no release of the hormone insulin by the pancreas and
requires daily insulin therapy
- usually diagnosed earlier in life
- hereditary more often
type 2 diabetes - ANSW-- results from either insufficient release of insulin or general ability of insulin to
act on a certain body cells
- may or may not require insulin therapy
carbs
lipids
proteins
vitamins
minerals
water - ANSW-6 classes of nutrients
macronutrients - ANSW-- provide calories
- needed in gram quantities in diet
micronutrients - ANSW-- do not provide calories
- needed in milligram or microgram quantities in a diet
carbohydrates - ANSW-- provide majority of calories in our diet
- provide 4 calories/ gram
- simple sugars: monosaccharides, disaccharides
- complex ____: glycogen, starch, and fiber
, lipids/ fats - ANSW-- energy yielding
- provide 9 calories/ gram
- plant and animal sources
- do not dissolve in water
proteins - ANSW-- energy yielding
- provide 4 calories/ gram
- main structural material in the body
- component of blood cells, enzymes, and immune factors
- form when amino acids are bonded together
- dietary sources include animans and plants
vitamins - ANSW-- enable chemical reaction
- cooking destroys water soluble and more rapidly than fat soluble ?
- contains no useable energy
fal soluble vitamins - ANSW-vitamins A, D, E, and K
water soluble vitamins - ANSW-vitamins B and C
minerals - ANSW-- inorganic substances that don't contain carbon atoms
- numerous functions in body
- not destroyed while cooking
- major and trace
- preform electrolyte functions
- provide no calories/ energy
water - ANSW-- acts as solvent and lubricant
- transports nutrients and waste
- medium for temperature regulation
- majority of our body weight
- recommend 9-13 cups a day
- found in foods
- provides no calories/ energy
phytochemical - ANSW-- chemicals found in plants
- some may contribute to reduce risk of cancer or cardiovascular disease in people who consume them
regularly
BMI - ANSW-- ratio of weight to height squared
- correlates relatively well with body fat but does not directly reflect body fat percentage
- does not measure body composition
Apple shape fat distribution - ANSW-- abdominal or central obesity
- associated with insulin resistance, fatty liver, cardiovascular disease, high BP, and type 2 diabetes
- abdominal fat is released into liver and promotes inflammation
