Demography EXAM 1 WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025
Three Main Questions in Demography<correct answers>1) How large (or small) is the
population?
2) How is the population composed, in terms of age, sex, race, marital status, and so
forth? In other words, what are the characteristics of the population?
3) How is the population distributed spatially? Populations are not randomly distributed
in space.
Answer to those 3 Questions<correct answers>1) Fertility
2) Mortality
3) Migration
Define: Demography<correct answers>Demography is the scientific study of the SIZE,
COMPOSITION, and SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION of
human populations; and the changes that occur in these phenomena through the
processes of FERTILITY, MORTALITY, and MIGRATION
3 Demographic Models<correct answers>1) Formal Demography
2) Population Studies I
3) Population Studies II
Formal Demography<correct answers>IV: Demographic
DV: Demographic
-Age Composition --> Birth Rate
-Birth Rate --> Age Composition
-Sex Composition of --> Sex Ratio of the
in-migrants to a city total population of the city
Population Studies I (Social Demography)<correct answers>IV: Non-Demographic
DV: Demographic
-Social Class --> Death Rate (sociological)
-Attitude about --> number of children
motherhood (social psych)
-Annual Rainfall --> Population Density (geographical)
- Economic Opportunity --> Migration
, (economic)
Population Studies II<correct answers>IV: Demographic
DV: Non-Demographic
-Age composition --> Voting Behavior
-Migration ----> Social Change
-Birth Rate ----> Need for infant & child goods/ services
Presence or Absence of Children<correct answers>In demography we distinguish
between the presence or absence of children, and the actual performance and ability to
have children, in the following way:
Presence Absence
Performance Fertility Childlessness
Ability Fecundity Sterility
Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834)<correct answers>-Malthus argued that people
have a natural urge to reproduce, and the increase in the food supply cannot keep up
with population growth.
-The major consequence of population growth, according to Malthus, is poverty.
-Being in poverty is the stimulus for action that can lift people out of misery.
Malthus: Checks<correct answers>Two kinds of checks:
-Positive Checks: increase the death rate; they include famine, war, "misery and vice"
-Preventive Checks: prevent the birth rate from increasing; include delayed marriage
and "moral restraint
Malthus: Critiques<correct answers>-Assertion that food production could not keep up
with population growth.
-Conclusion that poverty was an inevitable result of population growth.
-Belief that moral restraint was the only acceptable preventive check.
Hong Liangji (Hung Liangchi) (1746-1809)<correct answers>"In 4 generations or so, a
population will increase 10 or 20 times while dwellings and land will only double or, at
best, be some five times the initial amount... In short, in the long reign of peace, the
emperor and his officials can neither stop human reproduction, nor are the measures
they have adequate to provide the people with sustenance- no more at least than what
we have started with." -Hong
John Graunt (1620-1674)<correct answers>Layperson in London during the plagues
In spare time, Graunt would read the "Bills of Mortality" and he completed very
important demographic work.
Graunt: Contributions<correct answers>-More males are born than females
-Females live longer than males
ANSWERS 2025
Three Main Questions in Demography<correct answers>1) How large (or small) is the
population?
2) How is the population composed, in terms of age, sex, race, marital status, and so
forth? In other words, what are the characteristics of the population?
3) How is the population distributed spatially? Populations are not randomly distributed
in space.
Answer to those 3 Questions<correct answers>1) Fertility
2) Mortality
3) Migration
Define: Demography<correct answers>Demography is the scientific study of the SIZE,
COMPOSITION, and SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION of
human populations; and the changes that occur in these phenomena through the
processes of FERTILITY, MORTALITY, and MIGRATION
3 Demographic Models<correct answers>1) Formal Demography
2) Population Studies I
3) Population Studies II
Formal Demography<correct answers>IV: Demographic
DV: Demographic
-Age Composition --> Birth Rate
-Birth Rate --> Age Composition
-Sex Composition of --> Sex Ratio of the
in-migrants to a city total population of the city
Population Studies I (Social Demography)<correct answers>IV: Non-Demographic
DV: Demographic
-Social Class --> Death Rate (sociological)
-Attitude about --> number of children
motherhood (social psych)
-Annual Rainfall --> Population Density (geographical)
- Economic Opportunity --> Migration
, (economic)
Population Studies II<correct answers>IV: Demographic
DV: Non-Demographic
-Age composition --> Voting Behavior
-Migration ----> Social Change
-Birth Rate ----> Need for infant & child goods/ services
Presence or Absence of Children<correct answers>In demography we distinguish
between the presence or absence of children, and the actual performance and ability to
have children, in the following way:
Presence Absence
Performance Fertility Childlessness
Ability Fecundity Sterility
Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834)<correct answers>-Malthus argued that people
have a natural urge to reproduce, and the increase in the food supply cannot keep up
with population growth.
-The major consequence of population growth, according to Malthus, is poverty.
-Being in poverty is the stimulus for action that can lift people out of misery.
Malthus: Checks<correct answers>Two kinds of checks:
-Positive Checks: increase the death rate; they include famine, war, "misery and vice"
-Preventive Checks: prevent the birth rate from increasing; include delayed marriage
and "moral restraint
Malthus: Critiques<correct answers>-Assertion that food production could not keep up
with population growth.
-Conclusion that poverty was an inevitable result of population growth.
-Belief that moral restraint was the only acceptable preventive check.
Hong Liangji (Hung Liangchi) (1746-1809)<correct answers>"In 4 generations or so, a
population will increase 10 or 20 times while dwellings and land will only double or, at
best, be some five times the initial amount... In short, in the long reign of peace, the
emperor and his officials can neither stop human reproduction, nor are the measures
they have adequate to provide the people with sustenance- no more at least than what
we have started with." -Hong
John Graunt (1620-1674)<correct answers>Layperson in London during the plagues
In spare time, Graunt would read the "Bills of Mortality" and he completed very
important demographic work.
Graunt: Contributions<correct answers>-More males are born than females
-Females live longer than males
