PEDIATRICS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
What is esophageal atresia? -- Answer ✔✔ Congenital condition in which the esophagus
ends in a blind pouch/ does NOT connect to stomach correctly
What will you see with esophageal atresia? -- Answer ✔✔ Choking,
regurgitation/vomiting, aspiration
Which defects will cause an INCREASE in pulmonary blood flow? -- Answer ✔✔ ASD,
VSD.
Atrial Septal defect, ventricular septal defect
What structural defects constitute the Tetralogy of Fallot? -- Answer ✔✔ Pulmonary
stenosis, Right ventricular hypertrophy, Ventral septal defect, Overriding aorta - V - O -
R-P
What is congestive heart failure? -- Answer ✔✔ The inability of the heart to pump
adequate amounts of blood through the body. - A chronic condition in which the heart
doesn't pump blood as well as it should.
,What does digoxin do? -- Answer ✔✔ Increases cardiac output which in turn can help
regulate/change the heart rhythm, helps get rid of edema. Heart pumping better, fluid
moving through the body, kidneys can excrete the excess fluid more efficiently.
Why do we give a diuretic for heart failure? -- Answer ✔✔ Get rid of excess
fluid/prevent edema, help reduce the load on cardiac system
If someone is taking a diuretic - why are we giving them foods high in potassium, like
bananas, leafy greens, etc.? -- Answer ✔✔ Could be wasting/flushing out potassium by
taking a diuretic.
A child with a Tet (TOF) spell - what are you supposed to do? -- Answer ✔✔ Place the
child in a knee-chest position.
A child has recently had cardiac surgery and has a fever of 101. What should you be
worried about and what should you do? -- Answer ✔✔ Concern over infection, sepsis...
need to alert physician immediately.
Why do we give antibiotics to a patient as a prophylactic with cardiac issues/before
cardiac surgery? -- Answer ✔✔ In an effort to prevent infection, specifically
endocarditis.
What kind of shock is it when you see a patient with a hypersensitivity reaction? --
Answer ✔✔ Anaphylaxis/anaphylactic shock
, Anaphylaxis/anaphylactic shock - what do we give those patients? -- Answer ✔✔
Epinephrine.
What is hypovolemic shock? -- Answer ✔✔ loss of too much blood/fluid in the
body/Due to trauma
Where would you take the blood pressures on an infant and why? -- Answer ✔✔ Take
blood pressure readings from legs and arms, all four quadrants. Different congenital
defects cause different blood pressures between upper and lower extremities.
Which defect/issue causes stronger pulses in upper extremities and higher blood
pressure in upper extremities, but lower blood pressure and decreased pulses in lower
extremities? -- Answer ✔✔ Coarcation of the aorta
Prostaglandin E -- Answer ✔✔ keeps PDA open
Why would we give an infant Prostaglandin E? -- Answer ✔✔ Ensure a patent ductus
arteriosus/keeps ductus arteriosa open.
Indomethacin -- Answer ✔✔ closes ductus arteriosus.
What is anemia? -- Answer ✔✔ a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood -
Low RBC's, RBC's transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues, and transports
carbon dioxide to the lungs. Lower RBCs - means hemoglobin has less of an oxygen
carrying capacity, leading to anemia.
SOLUTIONS
What is esophageal atresia? -- Answer ✔✔ Congenital condition in which the esophagus
ends in a blind pouch/ does NOT connect to stomach correctly
What will you see with esophageal atresia? -- Answer ✔✔ Choking,
regurgitation/vomiting, aspiration
Which defects will cause an INCREASE in pulmonary blood flow? -- Answer ✔✔ ASD,
VSD.
Atrial Septal defect, ventricular septal defect
What structural defects constitute the Tetralogy of Fallot? -- Answer ✔✔ Pulmonary
stenosis, Right ventricular hypertrophy, Ventral septal defect, Overriding aorta - V - O -
R-P
What is congestive heart failure? -- Answer ✔✔ The inability of the heart to pump
adequate amounts of blood through the body. - A chronic condition in which the heart
doesn't pump blood as well as it should.
,What does digoxin do? -- Answer ✔✔ Increases cardiac output which in turn can help
regulate/change the heart rhythm, helps get rid of edema. Heart pumping better, fluid
moving through the body, kidneys can excrete the excess fluid more efficiently.
Why do we give a diuretic for heart failure? -- Answer ✔✔ Get rid of excess
fluid/prevent edema, help reduce the load on cardiac system
If someone is taking a diuretic - why are we giving them foods high in potassium, like
bananas, leafy greens, etc.? -- Answer ✔✔ Could be wasting/flushing out potassium by
taking a diuretic.
A child with a Tet (TOF) spell - what are you supposed to do? -- Answer ✔✔ Place the
child in a knee-chest position.
A child has recently had cardiac surgery and has a fever of 101. What should you be
worried about and what should you do? -- Answer ✔✔ Concern over infection, sepsis...
need to alert physician immediately.
Why do we give antibiotics to a patient as a prophylactic with cardiac issues/before
cardiac surgery? -- Answer ✔✔ In an effort to prevent infection, specifically
endocarditis.
What kind of shock is it when you see a patient with a hypersensitivity reaction? --
Answer ✔✔ Anaphylaxis/anaphylactic shock
, Anaphylaxis/anaphylactic shock - what do we give those patients? -- Answer ✔✔
Epinephrine.
What is hypovolemic shock? -- Answer ✔✔ loss of too much blood/fluid in the
body/Due to trauma
Where would you take the blood pressures on an infant and why? -- Answer ✔✔ Take
blood pressure readings from legs and arms, all four quadrants. Different congenital
defects cause different blood pressures between upper and lower extremities.
Which defect/issue causes stronger pulses in upper extremities and higher blood
pressure in upper extremities, but lower blood pressure and decreased pulses in lower
extremities? -- Answer ✔✔ Coarcation of the aorta
Prostaglandin E -- Answer ✔✔ keeps PDA open
Why would we give an infant Prostaglandin E? -- Answer ✔✔ Ensure a patent ductus
arteriosus/keeps ductus arteriosa open.
Indomethacin -- Answer ✔✔ closes ductus arteriosus.
What is anemia? -- Answer ✔✔ a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood -
Low RBC's, RBC's transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues, and transports
carbon dioxide to the lungs. Lower RBCs - means hemoglobin has less of an oxygen
carrying capacity, leading to anemia.
