BIO 141: CHAPTER 3: ENERGY, CHEMICAL REACTIONS,&
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: TEST QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
What is thermodynamics -- Answer ✔✔ the study of energy transformations
What is the first law of thermodynamics -- Answer ✔✔ energy can neither be created
nor destroyed; it can only change in form
What is the second law of thermodynamics -- Answer ✔✔ when energy is transformed,
some energy is lost to heat. The amount of usable energy is decreased
What is metabolism -- Answer ✔✔ collective term for all chemical reactions in the body
What are chemical reactions? -- Answer ✔✔ occur when chemical bonds in existing
molecular structures are broken. New bonds are formed
What are reactants? -- Answer ✔✔ the substances present prior to start of a chemical
reaction (left side of equation)
,What are products? -- Answer ✔✔ the substances formed by the reaction (right side of
the equation)
What are the three criteria for classifying chemical reactions? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. changes
in chemical structure
2. changes in chemical energy
3. whether the reaction is irreversible or reversible
What is catabolism (changes in chemical structure) -- Answer ✔✔ collective term for all
decomposition reactions
What is anabolism (changes in chemical structure) -- Answer ✔✔ collective term for all
synthesis reactions
What is a decomposition reaction? -- Answer ✔✔ Initial large molecule broken down
into smaller structures (ex. the hydrolysis reaction of sucrose into glucose and fructose)
What is a synthesis reaction? -- Answer ✔✔ Two or more structures combined to form
a larger structure (ex. dehydration synthesis reaction forming a dipeptide)
What is an exchange reaction? -- Answer ✔✔ Groups exchanged between two chemical
structures (ex. the production of ATP)
, What is an oxidation-reduction reaction (redox reaction) -- Answer ✔✔ Electrons
moved from one chemical structure to another. Structure that loses an electron is
oxidized, and structure that gains an electron is reduced. Always occur together.
What is an Exergonic reaction (changes in chemical energy) -- Answer ✔✔ Reactants
with more energy within their chemical bonds than products. Energy released with net
decrease in potential energy (ex. decomposition reactions)
What is an endergonic (changes in chemical energy) -- Answer ✔✔ reactants with less
energy within their chemical bonds than products. Energy supplied with a net increase in
potential energy (ex. synthesis reactions)
ATP is formed from energy released in ___________ reactions -- Answer ✔✔
exergonic
What is an irreversible reaction? -- Answer ✔✔ net loss of reactants and a net gain in
products over time
What is a reversible reaction? -- Answer ✔✔ no net change in concentration of
reactants and products
Is the formation of a dipeptide a decomposition or synthesis reaction? Is it exergonic or
edergonic? Is it an example of anabolism or catabolism? -- Answer ✔✔ synthesis,
endergonic, anabolism
What molecule is formed from exergonic reactions and used as the energy currency for
endergonic and other energy requiring processes in the cell? -- Answer ✔✔ ATP
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: TEST QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
What is thermodynamics -- Answer ✔✔ the study of energy transformations
What is the first law of thermodynamics -- Answer ✔✔ energy can neither be created
nor destroyed; it can only change in form
What is the second law of thermodynamics -- Answer ✔✔ when energy is transformed,
some energy is lost to heat. The amount of usable energy is decreased
What is metabolism -- Answer ✔✔ collective term for all chemical reactions in the body
What are chemical reactions? -- Answer ✔✔ occur when chemical bonds in existing
molecular structures are broken. New bonds are formed
What are reactants? -- Answer ✔✔ the substances present prior to start of a chemical
reaction (left side of equation)
,What are products? -- Answer ✔✔ the substances formed by the reaction (right side of
the equation)
What are the three criteria for classifying chemical reactions? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. changes
in chemical structure
2. changes in chemical energy
3. whether the reaction is irreversible or reversible
What is catabolism (changes in chemical structure) -- Answer ✔✔ collective term for all
decomposition reactions
What is anabolism (changes in chemical structure) -- Answer ✔✔ collective term for all
synthesis reactions
What is a decomposition reaction? -- Answer ✔✔ Initial large molecule broken down
into smaller structures (ex. the hydrolysis reaction of sucrose into glucose and fructose)
What is a synthesis reaction? -- Answer ✔✔ Two or more structures combined to form
a larger structure (ex. dehydration synthesis reaction forming a dipeptide)
What is an exchange reaction? -- Answer ✔✔ Groups exchanged between two chemical
structures (ex. the production of ATP)
, What is an oxidation-reduction reaction (redox reaction) -- Answer ✔✔ Electrons
moved from one chemical structure to another. Structure that loses an electron is
oxidized, and structure that gains an electron is reduced. Always occur together.
What is an Exergonic reaction (changes in chemical energy) -- Answer ✔✔ Reactants
with more energy within their chemical bonds than products. Energy released with net
decrease in potential energy (ex. decomposition reactions)
What is an endergonic (changes in chemical energy) -- Answer ✔✔ reactants with less
energy within their chemical bonds than products. Energy supplied with a net increase in
potential energy (ex. synthesis reactions)
ATP is formed from energy released in ___________ reactions -- Answer ✔✔
exergonic
What is an irreversible reaction? -- Answer ✔✔ net loss of reactants and a net gain in
products over time
What is a reversible reaction? -- Answer ✔✔ no net change in concentration of
reactants and products
Is the formation of a dipeptide a decomposition or synthesis reaction? Is it exergonic or
edergonic? Is it an example of anabolism or catabolism? -- Answer ✔✔ synthesis,
endergonic, anabolism
What molecule is formed from exergonic reactions and used as the energy currency for
endergonic and other energy requiring processes in the cell? -- Answer ✔✔ ATP
