BIO 141 CHAPTER 9 TEST QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
1) State the three types of movement possible at a synovial joint with respect to the
three perpendicular planes or axes. -- Answer ✔✔ 1) Uniaxial - If the bone moves in
just one place or axis.
Biaxial - If the bone moves in two places or axes.
Multiaxial - If the bone moves in multiple places or axes.
2) Define a joint or articulation. -- Answer ✔✔ The place of contact between bones,
between bone and cartilage, or between bones and teeth.
3) Briefly explain the six specific types of synovial joints, and give examples of where
they are found in the body. -- Answer ✔✔ 1) Plane Joint - The simplest articulation.
(Ex. intercarpal and intertarsal bones).
2) Hinge Joint - Formed by convex surface of one articulating bone fitting into a
concave depression on the other bone in the joint. (Ex. knee and the finger).
3) Pivot Joint - A uniaxial joint in which one articulating bone with a rounded
surface fits into a ring formed by a ligament and another bone. (Ex. radio-ulnar
joint).
4) Condylar - Biaxial joints with an oval, convex surface on the second bone of
the joint. (Ex. metacarpophalangeal)
5) Saddle Joint - Articular surfaces of the bones have convex and concave regions
that resemble the shape of a saddle. (Ex. carpometacarpal)
, 6) Ball-and-socket Joints - Multiaxial joints in which the spherical articulating head
of one bone fits into the rounded, cupcake socket of a second bone. (Ex. coxal
and glenohumeral).
4) Define flexion. -- Answer ✔✔ Movement in anterior-posterior plane that decreases
the angle of a joint. (Bending)
5) Define extension. -- Answer ✔✔ A stretching in an anterior-posterior plane that
increases the angle of a joint.
6) Define abduction. -- Answer ✔✔ Movement away from the midline of the body.
7) Define adduction. -- Answer ✔✔ Movement toward the midline of the body.
8) Define circumduction. -- Answer ✔✔ Proximal ends remain stable and distal end
moves in a circle.
9) Define pronation. -- Answer ✔✔ Medial rotation of the forearm so that the palm of
the hand is directed posteriorly or inferiorly.
10) Define supination. -- Answer ✔✔ Lateral rotation of the forearm so that the palm of
the hand is facing anteriorly or superiorly.
11) Define depression. -- Answer ✔✔ The inferior movement of a body part. Example is
the downward movement of the mandible while chewing.
12) Define elevation. -- Answer ✔✔ Superior movement of a body part. (Jaw or
shoulders).
SOLUTIONS
1) State the three types of movement possible at a synovial joint with respect to the
three perpendicular planes or axes. -- Answer ✔✔ 1) Uniaxial - If the bone moves in
just one place or axis.
Biaxial - If the bone moves in two places or axes.
Multiaxial - If the bone moves in multiple places or axes.
2) Define a joint or articulation. -- Answer ✔✔ The place of contact between bones,
between bone and cartilage, or between bones and teeth.
3) Briefly explain the six specific types of synovial joints, and give examples of where
they are found in the body. -- Answer ✔✔ 1) Plane Joint - The simplest articulation.
(Ex. intercarpal and intertarsal bones).
2) Hinge Joint - Formed by convex surface of one articulating bone fitting into a
concave depression on the other bone in the joint. (Ex. knee and the finger).
3) Pivot Joint - A uniaxial joint in which one articulating bone with a rounded
surface fits into a ring formed by a ligament and another bone. (Ex. radio-ulnar
joint).
4) Condylar - Biaxial joints with an oval, convex surface on the second bone of
the joint. (Ex. metacarpophalangeal)
5) Saddle Joint - Articular surfaces of the bones have convex and concave regions
that resemble the shape of a saddle. (Ex. carpometacarpal)
, 6) Ball-and-socket Joints - Multiaxial joints in which the spherical articulating head
of one bone fits into the rounded, cupcake socket of a second bone. (Ex. coxal
and glenohumeral).
4) Define flexion. -- Answer ✔✔ Movement in anterior-posterior plane that decreases
the angle of a joint. (Bending)
5) Define extension. -- Answer ✔✔ A stretching in an anterior-posterior plane that
increases the angle of a joint.
6) Define abduction. -- Answer ✔✔ Movement away from the midline of the body.
7) Define adduction. -- Answer ✔✔ Movement toward the midline of the body.
8) Define circumduction. -- Answer ✔✔ Proximal ends remain stable and distal end
moves in a circle.
9) Define pronation. -- Answer ✔✔ Medial rotation of the forearm so that the palm of
the hand is directed posteriorly or inferiorly.
10) Define supination. -- Answer ✔✔ Lateral rotation of the forearm so that the palm of
the hand is facing anteriorly or superiorly.
11) Define depression. -- Answer ✔✔ The inferior movement of a body part. Example is
the downward movement of the mandible while chewing.
12) Define elevation. -- Answer ✔✔ Superior movement of a body part. (Jaw or
shoulders).
