NUR 2016: ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY: TEST QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
1) What are casts? -- Answer ✔✔ Cylindrical structures in urine that form in the renal
tubules
2) What are the interventions for acute glomerulonephritis? -- Answer ✔✔ Antibiotics,
antihypertensives, diuretics, maybe corticosteroids, maybe plasmapheresis, rest
3) What is plasmapheresis? -- Answer ✔✔ Filtering and removing plasma from blood
4) Why may plasmapheresis be a treatment for acute glomerulonephritis? -- Answer
✔✔ To remove nephrotoxic antibodies in the plasma
5) What is nephrotic syndrome? -- Answer ✔✔ A glomerular disease (damage to the
glomerulus)
6) How is nephrotic syndrome diagnosed? -- Answer ✔✔ 24 hour urine collection,
serum protein levels, tissue biopsy
7) What are the clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome? -- Answer ✔✔ Edema
(soft, pitting, periorbital, ascites, anasarca), headache, irritability, fatigue, proteinuria
, (may be foamy), decreased albumin in the blood, edema, high serum cholesterol and
hyperlipidemia
8) What is anasarca? -- Answer ✔✔ generalized edema
9) What are the complications of nephrotic syndrome? -- Answer ✔✔ Infection,
hypercoagulability, PE, acute renal failure, accelerated atherosclerosis, poor nutrition
10) Why does nephrotic syndrome have a risk of hypercoagulability? -- Answer ✔✔
There is a loss of blood proteins that help prevent clotting
11) Why is there accelerated atherosclerosis with nephrotic syndrome? -- Answer ✔✔
When albumin levels fall, the liver makes more albumin. At the same time, the liver
releases more cholesterol and triglycerides.
12) What is the treatment for nephrotic syndrome? -- Answer ✔✔ Diuretics, ACE
inhibitors, low-sodium diet, corticosteroids, cytoxan, lipid lowering meds,
anticoagulation
13) Acute glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome are what type of kidney injury? --
Answer ✔✔ Intrarenal
14) What is a postrenal acute kidney injury? -- Answer ✔✔ Obstruction in the outflow
from the kidneys
15) Postrenal acute kidney injury is the ___ common type of kidney injury. -- Answer
✔✔ Least
16) What can cause a postrenal kidney injury? -- Answer ✔✔ Calculi, BPH, prostate
cancer, bladder cancer, trauma, strictures
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
1) What are casts? -- Answer ✔✔ Cylindrical structures in urine that form in the renal
tubules
2) What are the interventions for acute glomerulonephritis? -- Answer ✔✔ Antibiotics,
antihypertensives, diuretics, maybe corticosteroids, maybe plasmapheresis, rest
3) What is plasmapheresis? -- Answer ✔✔ Filtering and removing plasma from blood
4) Why may plasmapheresis be a treatment for acute glomerulonephritis? -- Answer
✔✔ To remove nephrotoxic antibodies in the plasma
5) What is nephrotic syndrome? -- Answer ✔✔ A glomerular disease (damage to the
glomerulus)
6) How is nephrotic syndrome diagnosed? -- Answer ✔✔ 24 hour urine collection,
serum protein levels, tissue biopsy
7) What are the clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome? -- Answer ✔✔ Edema
(soft, pitting, periorbital, ascites, anasarca), headache, irritability, fatigue, proteinuria
, (may be foamy), decreased albumin in the blood, edema, high serum cholesterol and
hyperlipidemia
8) What is anasarca? -- Answer ✔✔ generalized edema
9) What are the complications of nephrotic syndrome? -- Answer ✔✔ Infection,
hypercoagulability, PE, acute renal failure, accelerated atherosclerosis, poor nutrition
10) Why does nephrotic syndrome have a risk of hypercoagulability? -- Answer ✔✔
There is a loss of blood proteins that help prevent clotting
11) Why is there accelerated atherosclerosis with nephrotic syndrome? -- Answer ✔✔
When albumin levels fall, the liver makes more albumin. At the same time, the liver
releases more cholesterol and triglycerides.
12) What is the treatment for nephrotic syndrome? -- Answer ✔✔ Diuretics, ACE
inhibitors, low-sodium diet, corticosteroids, cytoxan, lipid lowering meds,
anticoagulation
13) Acute glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome are what type of kidney injury? --
Answer ✔✔ Intrarenal
14) What is a postrenal acute kidney injury? -- Answer ✔✔ Obstruction in the outflow
from the kidneys
15) Postrenal acute kidney injury is the ___ common type of kidney injury. -- Answer
✔✔ Least
16) What can cause a postrenal kidney injury? -- Answer ✔✔ Calculi, BPH, prostate
cancer, bladder cancer, trauma, strictures
