OT 513 EXAM STUDY GUIDE A+ GRADED
Tamar experienced a huge growth in developmental skills through her first three years
of life, including the development of emotional attachments. What best describes the
process underlying such development? - answer experience-expectant neuroplasticity
CRH and cortisol receptors in the hypothalamus, amygdala and other structures are
responsible for: - answer regulation of the stress response system (turn on/shut off)
Which of the following statements is most accurate? - answer Neurons proliferate,
migrate, differentiate and then reduce in number as childhood progresses.
Which type of neural plasticity supports learning throughout one's lifetime? - answer
Experience dependent. This is also the kind of plasticity that supports learning
associated with stress expereinces.
In class, the clown study example suggested that: - answer children in quality
attachment relationships recover more quickly from stressful events.
Stress during pregnancy may: - answer adversely affect an infants' ability to adapt well
to new situations.
may cause obesity or diabetes in the child.
may lead to learning and social behavior problems.
What neurohormones appear most involved with stress impact on development? -
answer CRH and cortisol
What is the most important quality in early caregiving across species? - answer active
touching
If your mom did not get enough to eat during your pregnancy, your metabolism would
likely adjust in what way to deal with the external environment? - answer It might
become "thrifty" meaning that you use every nutrient efficiently. This could lead to
obesity later in life if you are around plenty of food.
Experience expectant plasticity: - answer allows for learning to occur during periods in
which the brain is expecting information..for example, language sounds or visual input.
What was the point of the heelstick study done with young babies? - answer It
demonstrated that young babies learn to discriminate between threats and non-threats
(being picked up vs having your heel cut). This suggests early learning behavior in the
stress response system.
The study describing circumcision and stress responding in infant boys found that: -
answer Infants' stress response levels varied among people who were expert vs novice
,at the procedure
When baby rats are separated from their mothers for SHORT amounts of time and then
reunited, they tend to be more stress resistant as adults. This implies that they will: -
answer either mount an average response when exposed to a threat or mount a high
stress response that is quickly lowered when the threat is removed
What statement is most true regarding neural plasticity? - answer While giving us great
flexibility for learning and constructing a sophisticated brain structure, it also leaves us
vulnerable to negative, stress-related influences as well, for example abuse and trauma.
What is the likely result of damaged neurons in the hippocampus? - answer poor
memory
What does "dose-related response" mean? - answer it means that length of exposure to
experiences of something at certain levels, relates to the overall outcome effect
One possible reason that chronic stress from adversity may affect a child's ability to
learn may be found in research that suggests: - answer stress reduces neurotrophic
growth factor, a necessity for brain plasticity and growth
One of the reasons that our brains become less plastic with aging is that we have
less_____________available. - answer neurotrophic growth hormones
Peter, who works in a genetics research laboratory, was recently able to obtain a photo
of his twenty-three pairs of chromosomes. This photographic record is called a(n) -
answer karyotype.
At the neuronal synapse, changes in amount of neurotransmitters/neurohormones
present can result in changes in the receptor sites on dendrites. If there is an increase
this is called___________________while a decrease is called__________________________. -
answer upregulation; downregulation
Only _____% of lymphocytes are in circulation at any one time (i.e. otherwise, they lay in
wait in their respective places like the Thymus Gland). - answer 2
Phagocytosis is the term for when: - answer white blood cells eat a pathogen (bacteria
or virus)
, NK T (T cytotoxic) cells in the immune system receive assistance from other cells that
regulate how active they are. These assist cells include: - answer Suppressor T cells
and T helpers
Non-specific immunity refers to - answer the innate, primitive immune system with which
we are born
The _______ system is a network of vessels in the body that _____________________. -
answer lymphatic; carries white blood cells responsible for the human immune
response
This phagocyte is the most common and considered the "first responder" of the innate
system - answer The Neutrophil
The _________ gland is where baby white blood cells go to mature and become
specialized - answer thymus
Cytokines are responsible for - answer cell-to-cell communication
Specific immunity refers to - answer a learned form of immunity that uses antibody
markers to target invaders
What are the major immune system cells that help eliminate cancer cells in the body? -
answer NK-cells
he immune system is suppressed by chronic stress through the - answer thyroxine axis
T-cells are a key part of the ___________and are stored in the ______________gland (thus,
their name). - answer immune; thymus
According to the text (Seaward), what estimated percent of physician visits can be
Tamar experienced a huge growth in developmental skills through her first three years
of life, including the development of emotional attachments. What best describes the
process underlying such development? - answer experience-expectant neuroplasticity
CRH and cortisol receptors in the hypothalamus, amygdala and other structures are
responsible for: - answer regulation of the stress response system (turn on/shut off)
Which of the following statements is most accurate? - answer Neurons proliferate,
migrate, differentiate and then reduce in number as childhood progresses.
Which type of neural plasticity supports learning throughout one's lifetime? - answer
Experience dependent. This is also the kind of plasticity that supports learning
associated with stress expereinces.
In class, the clown study example suggested that: - answer children in quality
attachment relationships recover more quickly from stressful events.
Stress during pregnancy may: - answer adversely affect an infants' ability to adapt well
to new situations.
may cause obesity or diabetes in the child.
may lead to learning and social behavior problems.
What neurohormones appear most involved with stress impact on development? -
answer CRH and cortisol
What is the most important quality in early caregiving across species? - answer active
touching
If your mom did not get enough to eat during your pregnancy, your metabolism would
likely adjust in what way to deal with the external environment? - answer It might
become "thrifty" meaning that you use every nutrient efficiently. This could lead to
obesity later in life if you are around plenty of food.
Experience expectant plasticity: - answer allows for learning to occur during periods in
which the brain is expecting information..for example, language sounds or visual input.
What was the point of the heelstick study done with young babies? - answer It
demonstrated that young babies learn to discriminate between threats and non-threats
(being picked up vs having your heel cut). This suggests early learning behavior in the
stress response system.
The study describing circumcision and stress responding in infant boys found that: -
answer Infants' stress response levels varied among people who were expert vs novice
,at the procedure
When baby rats are separated from their mothers for SHORT amounts of time and then
reunited, they tend to be more stress resistant as adults. This implies that they will: -
answer either mount an average response when exposed to a threat or mount a high
stress response that is quickly lowered when the threat is removed
What statement is most true regarding neural plasticity? - answer While giving us great
flexibility for learning and constructing a sophisticated brain structure, it also leaves us
vulnerable to negative, stress-related influences as well, for example abuse and trauma.
What is the likely result of damaged neurons in the hippocampus? - answer poor
memory
What does "dose-related response" mean? - answer it means that length of exposure to
experiences of something at certain levels, relates to the overall outcome effect
One possible reason that chronic stress from adversity may affect a child's ability to
learn may be found in research that suggests: - answer stress reduces neurotrophic
growth factor, a necessity for brain plasticity and growth
One of the reasons that our brains become less plastic with aging is that we have
less_____________available. - answer neurotrophic growth hormones
Peter, who works in a genetics research laboratory, was recently able to obtain a photo
of his twenty-three pairs of chromosomes. This photographic record is called a(n) -
answer karyotype.
At the neuronal synapse, changes in amount of neurotransmitters/neurohormones
present can result in changes in the receptor sites on dendrites. If there is an increase
this is called___________________while a decrease is called__________________________. -
answer upregulation; downregulation
Only _____% of lymphocytes are in circulation at any one time (i.e. otherwise, they lay in
wait in their respective places like the Thymus Gland). - answer 2
Phagocytosis is the term for when: - answer white blood cells eat a pathogen (bacteria
or virus)
, NK T (T cytotoxic) cells in the immune system receive assistance from other cells that
regulate how active they are. These assist cells include: - answer Suppressor T cells
and T helpers
Non-specific immunity refers to - answer the innate, primitive immune system with which
we are born
The _______ system is a network of vessels in the body that _____________________. -
answer lymphatic; carries white blood cells responsible for the human immune
response
This phagocyte is the most common and considered the "first responder" of the innate
system - answer The Neutrophil
The _________ gland is where baby white blood cells go to mature and become
specialized - answer thymus
Cytokines are responsible for - answer cell-to-cell communication
Specific immunity refers to - answer a learned form of immunity that uses antibody
markers to target invaders
What are the major immune system cells that help eliminate cancer cells in the body? -
answer NK-cells
he immune system is suppressed by chronic stress through the - answer thyroxine axis
T-cells are a key part of the ___________and are stored in the ______________gland (thus,
their name). - answer immune; thymus
According to the text (Seaward), what estimated percent of physician visits can be
