Forms of Verb
English verbs ds :i tense rFkk fofHkUu iz;ksxks ds vk/kkj ij cny tkrs gSa A
;s fuEu izdkj ds gksrs gSaA
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
Past Present
Simple Past
Participle Participle
Simple present (both in Simple Present
(both in (both in
(in plural number) singular and (in Singular)
singular and singular and
plural)
plural) plural)
Play ([ksyuk) played played playing plays
Eat ([kkuk) ate eaten eating eats
Buy ([kjhnuk) bought bought buying buys
Teach (i<kuk) taught taught teaching teaches
Read (i<uk) read read reading reads
Open ([kksyuk) opened opened opening opens
Lose ([kksuk) lost lost losing loses
Stand ([kM+k gksuk) stood stood standing stands
Spend
(fcrkuk@ [kpZ djuk) spent spent spending spends
Do (djuk) did done doing does
Sing (xkuk) sang sung singing sings
Fall (fxjuk) fell fallen falling falls
Build (cukuk) built built building builds
Climb (p<+uk) climbed climbed climbing climbs
Shine (peduk) shone shone shining shines
Pay (pqdkuk) paid paid paying pays
Cry (fpYykuk) cried cried crying cries
Hurt (pksV igq¡pkuk) hurt hurt hurting hurts
Put (j[kuk) put put putting puts
Cut (dkVuk) cut cut cutting cuts
Leave (NksM+uk) left left leaving leaves
Go (tkuk) went gone going goes
Know (tkuuk) knew known knowing knows
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, V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
See (ns[kuk) saw seen seeing sees
Win (thruk) won won winning wins
Tell (dguk) told told telling tells
Say (dguk) said said saying says
Speak (cksyuk) spoke spoken speaking speaks
Obey (vkns'k ekuuk) obeyed obeyed obeying obeys
Order (vkns'k nsuk) ordered ordered ordering orders
Bless (vkf'kokZn nsuk) blessed blessed blessing blesses
Curse (vfHk'kki nsuk) cursed cursed cursing curses
Ask (dguk] iwNuk) asked asked asking asks
English |30
, Tense at a glance
Present Tense:
Ram eats mango. jke vke [kkrk gSA • ;fn subject (dÙkkZ) 1st Person, 2nd.
S + V5 + O Person or 3rd Person ds plural
fcYyh nw/k ilUn djrh number ds gksa rks muds lkFk V1 dk
Simple A cat likes milk. gSA iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Present or
Present I like music. eq>s laxhr ilan gSA • ;fn subject (dÙkkZ) 3rd Person
Indefinite S + V1 + O singular number ds gks rks muds
lkFk V5 dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
rqe i= fy[krs gksA
You write a letter.
They are reading. os i<+ jgs gSA • ;fn sub I jgs rks Auxiliary verb ds
S+is/ am/are+V4+O :i esa 'am' dk iz;ksx gksrk gS A
Present
Progressive • ;fn sub. We, you, they or plural noun
or lhrk xhr xk jgh gSSA gks rks auxiliary verb 'are' gksrk gSA
Sita is singing a ;fn Sub. He, She, it or singular noun
Present
song. gks rks 'is' dk iz;ksx gksrk gS A
Imperfect or
Present
Continuous
I have read this eSa ;g fdrkc i<+ pqdk • I, we, you, they rFkk plural noun ds
book. gw¡ A lkFk have dk iz;ksx
Present S+has/have+V3+O • He/ She/ it/ singular noun ds lkFk has
Perfect mlus ;g dke fd;k dk iz;ksx lHkh sentences esa V3
She has done this gSA
work
I have been eSa nks o"kkZs ls bl • Period of time ds igys for dk use
studing in this Ldwy esa i<+ jgk gw¡A • Point of time ds igys since dk use.
school for two
Present years.
Perfect S+ has/ have+ been+
Continuous V4 + O+ for/ since+
or Present time
Perfect
Imperfect og rhu cts ls vkidk
She has been bUrtkj dj jgh gS A
waiting for you
since 3 P.M.
English |31
, Past Tense:
You saved my life. vkius esjh tku cpkbZA ,sls sentence esa lHkh izdkj ds
Simple Past
or
S+ V2 + 0 Subject ds lkFk V2 dk iz;ksx
gksrk gS A
Past eSaus dke lekIr dj
Indefinite fy;kA
I completed the work.
Past He was playing og fØdsV [ksy jgk • I, He, She, it rFkk singular
countinuous cricket. Fkk A noun ds lkFk 'was' dk iz;ksx
or S+ was/ were + V4 +O • You, We, They rFkk plural
Past noun ds lkFk 'were' dk iz;ksx
Progressive ,sls okD;ks esa was/ were ds
or They were teaching os gesa i<+k jgs FksA ckn V4 dk iz;ksx
Past us.
Imperfect
I had done it. eSaus bls fd;k FkkA • ,sls okD;ks esa lHkh subject
S + had+ V3+ O ds lkFk had rFkk V3 dk
Past Perfect iz;ksx
They had won the os eSap thr pqds FksA
match.
It had been raining for nks ?kaVk ls o"kkZ gks jgh • lHkh izdkj ds subject ds lkFk
two hours. S FkhA had been vkSj V4 dk iz;ksx
+ had + been + V4+ O • Period of time ds igys 'for'
+ for/ since+time rFkk point of time ds igys
Past Perfect
Continuous 'since'
Naghma had been uxek xr tuojh ls
waiting since January bUrtkj dj jgh FkhA
last.
English |32
English verbs ds :i tense rFkk fofHkUu iz;ksxks ds vk/kkj ij cny tkrs gSa A
;s fuEu izdkj ds gksrs gSaA
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
Past Present
Simple Past
Participle Participle
Simple present (both in Simple Present
(both in (both in
(in plural number) singular and (in Singular)
singular and singular and
plural)
plural) plural)
Play ([ksyuk) played played playing plays
Eat ([kkuk) ate eaten eating eats
Buy ([kjhnuk) bought bought buying buys
Teach (i<kuk) taught taught teaching teaches
Read (i<uk) read read reading reads
Open ([kksyuk) opened opened opening opens
Lose ([kksuk) lost lost losing loses
Stand ([kM+k gksuk) stood stood standing stands
Spend
(fcrkuk@ [kpZ djuk) spent spent spending spends
Do (djuk) did done doing does
Sing (xkuk) sang sung singing sings
Fall (fxjuk) fell fallen falling falls
Build (cukuk) built built building builds
Climb (p<+uk) climbed climbed climbing climbs
Shine (peduk) shone shone shining shines
Pay (pqdkuk) paid paid paying pays
Cry (fpYykuk) cried cried crying cries
Hurt (pksV igq¡pkuk) hurt hurt hurting hurts
Put (j[kuk) put put putting puts
Cut (dkVuk) cut cut cutting cuts
Leave (NksM+uk) left left leaving leaves
Go (tkuk) went gone going goes
Know (tkuuk) knew known knowing knows
English |29
, V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
See (ns[kuk) saw seen seeing sees
Win (thruk) won won winning wins
Tell (dguk) told told telling tells
Say (dguk) said said saying says
Speak (cksyuk) spoke spoken speaking speaks
Obey (vkns'k ekuuk) obeyed obeyed obeying obeys
Order (vkns'k nsuk) ordered ordered ordering orders
Bless (vkf'kokZn nsuk) blessed blessed blessing blesses
Curse (vfHk'kki nsuk) cursed cursed cursing curses
Ask (dguk] iwNuk) asked asked asking asks
English |30
, Tense at a glance
Present Tense:
Ram eats mango. jke vke [kkrk gSA • ;fn subject (dÙkkZ) 1st Person, 2nd.
S + V5 + O Person or 3rd Person ds plural
fcYyh nw/k ilUn djrh number ds gksa rks muds lkFk V1 dk
Simple A cat likes milk. gSA iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Present or
Present I like music. eq>s laxhr ilan gSA • ;fn subject (dÙkkZ) 3rd Person
Indefinite S + V1 + O singular number ds gks rks muds
lkFk V5 dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
rqe i= fy[krs gksA
You write a letter.
They are reading. os i<+ jgs gSA • ;fn sub I jgs rks Auxiliary verb ds
S+is/ am/are+V4+O :i esa 'am' dk iz;ksx gksrk gS A
Present
Progressive • ;fn sub. We, you, they or plural noun
or lhrk xhr xk jgh gSSA gks rks auxiliary verb 'are' gksrk gSA
Sita is singing a ;fn Sub. He, She, it or singular noun
Present
song. gks rks 'is' dk iz;ksx gksrk gS A
Imperfect or
Present
Continuous
I have read this eSa ;g fdrkc i<+ pqdk • I, we, you, they rFkk plural noun ds
book. gw¡ A lkFk have dk iz;ksx
Present S+has/have+V3+O • He/ She/ it/ singular noun ds lkFk has
Perfect mlus ;g dke fd;k dk iz;ksx lHkh sentences esa V3
She has done this gSA
work
I have been eSa nks o"kkZs ls bl • Period of time ds igys for dk use
studing in this Ldwy esa i<+ jgk gw¡A • Point of time ds igys since dk use.
school for two
Present years.
Perfect S+ has/ have+ been+
Continuous V4 + O+ for/ since+
or Present time
Perfect
Imperfect og rhu cts ls vkidk
She has been bUrtkj dj jgh gS A
waiting for you
since 3 P.M.
English |31
, Past Tense:
You saved my life. vkius esjh tku cpkbZA ,sls sentence esa lHkh izdkj ds
Simple Past
or
S+ V2 + 0 Subject ds lkFk V2 dk iz;ksx
gksrk gS A
Past eSaus dke lekIr dj
Indefinite fy;kA
I completed the work.
Past He was playing og fØdsV [ksy jgk • I, He, She, it rFkk singular
countinuous cricket. Fkk A noun ds lkFk 'was' dk iz;ksx
or S+ was/ were + V4 +O • You, We, They rFkk plural
Past noun ds lkFk 'were' dk iz;ksx
Progressive ,sls okD;ks esa was/ were ds
or They were teaching os gesa i<+k jgs FksA ckn V4 dk iz;ksx
Past us.
Imperfect
I had done it. eSaus bls fd;k FkkA • ,sls okD;ks esa lHkh subject
S + had+ V3+ O ds lkFk had rFkk V3 dk
Past Perfect iz;ksx
They had won the os eSap thr pqds FksA
match.
It had been raining for nks ?kaVk ls o"kkZ gks jgh • lHkh izdkj ds subject ds lkFk
two hours. S FkhA had been vkSj V4 dk iz;ksx
+ had + been + V4+ O • Period of time ds igys 'for'
+ for/ since+time rFkk point of time ds igys
Past Perfect
Continuous 'since'
Naghma had been uxek xr tuojh ls
waiting since January bUrtkj dj jgh FkhA
last.
English |32
