EDGT Fluid and Electrolyte Exam Study Guide Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

EDGT Fluid and Electrolyte Exam Study Guide Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct If body cells swell, it might be assumed that _______________ - ANSWER A hypotonic IV solution was administered. Which of the following statements about the kidney's role in fluid balance is accurate? - ANSWER The kidneys normally excrete at least 20 ml of urine every hour. Which of one the following individuals has the lowest percentage of body water content? - ANSWER 65-year-old male Which of the following statements pertaining to antdiuretic hormone (ADH) and fluid balance is correct? - ANSWER ADH secretion causes water retention that boosts blood volume and decreases serum osmolality. Administration of large amounts of half-normal saline: - ANSWER May cause cells to swell Which of the following statements about fluid movement is accurate? - ANSWER During osmosis, fluid moves passively from areas with more fluid to areas of less fluid. Water intoxication can be due to: - ANSWER A mental health problem Which of the following statements accurately describes the influence of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on fluid balance? - ANSWER ANP suppresses serum renin levels The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system helps to maintain a balance of sodium and water when: - ANSWER Juxtaglomerular cells near each glomerulus secrete an enzyme called renin. Which of the following statements concerning hypervolemia is correct? - ANSWER Hypervolemia may be due to a shift in fluid from the interstitial space into the intravascular space. Dehydration triggers the body to attempt to conserve water by: - ANSWER Secreting ADH One of these groups of people is at risk for dehydration. Which one and why? - ANSWER Patients who are bedridden, because they have difficulty accessing fluids Hypovolemia is characterized according to the degree of fluid loss. With 15% fluid loss, you can expect to notice: - ANSWER Increased pulse rate and cool extremities Diagnostic findings in hypervolemia include: - ANSWER Decreased blood urea nitrogen levels When dehydration occurs, __________________. - ANSWER Solute concentration increases Water intoxication causes: - ANSWER Increased intracranial pressure due to increased cellular fluid content Which of the following statements about potassium is correct? - ANSWER The majority of potassium is located in intracellular fluid. If hyponatremia exists when extracellular fluid volume is equal to intracellular fluid volume, it is referred to as ________________________. - ANSWER Isotonic hyponatremia Cations________________ - ANSWER Are substances that separate, in solution, into electrically charged particles An ionized calcium level of 4.0 mg/dl: - ANSWER Causes contraction of the upper lip, nose, or side of the face when the patient's facial nerve is tapped. When assessing a patient with a serum potassium level of 3.2 mEq/L you would expect to find which of the following symptoms? - ANSWER Constipation or paralytic ileus A serum sodium level of 152 mEq/L _______________. - ANSWER Triggers the thirst center in the hypothalamus You may treat a patient with a serum potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L by __________. - ANSWER Administering loop diuretics Osmotic diuretics, such as Osmitrol, work by:____________________ - ANSWER Increasing osmotic pressure of glomerular filtrate When serum sodium levels are decreased,_____________________. - ANSWER Concentration of solutes is greater inside the cell compared to outside the cell. Your patient is complaining of intense thirst and is having some difficulty breathing. His urinary output is reduced and his mucous membranes are dry. You are not surprised to find that his serum sodium level is: - ANSWER 150 mEq/L A patient who is taking large amounts of Triamterene may have a chloride level of: - ANSWER 112 mEq/L Excessive levels of serum magnesium may cause: - ANSWER CNS depression If your patient has a serum magnesium level of 1.4 mEq/L, which of the following interventions is appropriate? - ANSWER Encourage the intake of dry beans and peas and whole grains. Which of the following statements concerning calcium regulation is accurate? - ANSWER When calcium levels are low, parathyroid hormone is released A serum phosphorus level of 4.9 mg/dl requires which of the following interventions? - ANSWER Administer IV saline solutions Which of the following results indicates a normal phosphorus level? - ANSWER 4.0 mg/dl Reduced levels of serum magnesium may cause: - ANSWER Depressed ST segments and broad, flattened T waves on an ECG A patient who is in renal failure may have a magnesium level of ___________. - ANSWER 2.8 mEq/L Jeremy works in a highly competitive organization. His job is stressful and he takes antacids throughout the day and evening for heartburn and "acid" stomach. His doctor finds that Jeremy is hypertensive and bradycardic. You are not surprised that his ionized calcium level is: - ANSWER 5.8 mg/dl An appropriate treatment intervention for hypochloremia is: - ANSWER Administration of normal saline solution intravenously In the event of acute hypocalcemia, IV calcium gluconate is administered: - ANSWER Cautiously since infiltration can lead to tissue necrosis __________is an example of a potassium-sparing diuretic. - ANSWER Aldactone A patient has received a dangerously high amount of dextrose 5% in normal saline solution. As a result: - ANSWER Body cells will shrink When treating hypovolemic shock, fluid replacement can include: - ANSWER Blood products in the event of hemorrhage Water intoxication can be due to the rapid infusion of: - ANSWER Dextrose 5% in water