NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
a) Cause of particular disease on microscopic level - CORRECT-ANSWERSEtiology
b) Story of how disease develops - CORRECT-ANSWERSPathogenesis
c) Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue mass - CORRECT-
ANSWERSAtrophy
d) Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass - CORRECT-
ANSWERSHypertrophy
e) Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass - CORRECT-
ANSWERSHyperplasia
f) Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type, Ex: chronic smokers, cells
lose cilia - CORRECT-ANSWERSMetaplasia
g) Cells are different looking varying in size and shape - CORRECT-ANSWERSDysplasia
h) New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or benign - CORRECT-
ANSWERSNeoplasia
i) Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body - CORRECT-
ANSWERSApoptosis
j) Deficit of oxygen in the cells - CORRECT-ANSWERSIschemia
k) Reduced oxygen in the tissues - CORRECT-ANSWERSHypoxia
l) illness or disease process because a medical process was done ex: CAUTI - CORRECT-
ANSWERSIatrogenic
, m) Has to have two recessive genes to have disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier ex:
Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs - CORRECT-ANSWERSAutosomal
Recessive Disorders
n) autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous secretions - CORRECT-
ANSWERSCystic fibrosis
o) autosomal recessive disorder that causes an inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Can
cause mental retardation. Pt must follow strict very low protein diet - CORRECT-
ANSWERSPKU (phenylketonuria)
p) autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not be produced causing fatty
proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord -
CORRECT-ANSWERSTay-Sachs
q) Only takes one gene for disease to show. There are no carriers, either have disease or
don't. Marfan Syndrome, Huntington's, Familial Hypercholesterolemia - CORRECT-
ANSWERSAutosomal Dominant Disorders
r) Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities, congenital heart defects -
CORRECT-ANSWERSMarfan Syndrome
s) Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells break down over time, causing involuntary
movements - CORRECT-ANSWERSHuntington's Disease
t) Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high cholesterol - CORRECT-ANSWERSFamilial
Hypercholesterolemia
u) Disorder carried on the x chromosome - CORRECT-ANSWERSX-Linked Disorders
EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
a) Cause of particular disease on microscopic level - CORRECT-ANSWERSEtiology
b) Story of how disease develops - CORRECT-ANSWERSPathogenesis
c) Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue mass - CORRECT-
ANSWERSAtrophy
d) Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass - CORRECT-
ANSWERSHypertrophy
e) Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass - CORRECT-
ANSWERSHyperplasia
f) Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type, Ex: chronic smokers, cells
lose cilia - CORRECT-ANSWERSMetaplasia
g) Cells are different looking varying in size and shape - CORRECT-ANSWERSDysplasia
h) New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or benign - CORRECT-
ANSWERSNeoplasia
i) Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body - CORRECT-
ANSWERSApoptosis
j) Deficit of oxygen in the cells - CORRECT-ANSWERSIschemia
k) Reduced oxygen in the tissues - CORRECT-ANSWERSHypoxia
l) illness or disease process because a medical process was done ex: CAUTI - CORRECT-
ANSWERSIatrogenic
, m) Has to have two recessive genes to have disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier ex:
Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs - CORRECT-ANSWERSAutosomal
Recessive Disorders
n) autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous secretions - CORRECT-
ANSWERSCystic fibrosis
o) autosomal recessive disorder that causes an inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Can
cause mental retardation. Pt must follow strict very low protein diet - CORRECT-
ANSWERSPKU (phenylketonuria)
p) autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not be produced causing fatty
proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord -
CORRECT-ANSWERSTay-Sachs
q) Only takes one gene for disease to show. There are no carriers, either have disease or
don't. Marfan Syndrome, Huntington's, Familial Hypercholesterolemia - CORRECT-
ANSWERSAutosomal Dominant Disorders
r) Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities, congenital heart defects -
CORRECT-ANSWERSMarfan Syndrome
s) Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells break down over time, causing involuntary
movements - CORRECT-ANSWERSHuntington's Disease
t) Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high cholesterol - CORRECT-ANSWERSFamilial
Hypercholesterolemia
u) Disorder carried on the x chromosome - CORRECT-ANSWERSX-Linked Disorders
