Nur 421 Nutrition exam Questions SOLVED 100%
CORRECT!!!
What is malnutrition/undernutrition?
Any disorder of nutritional status, including disorders resulting from a deficiency of nutrient
intake, impaired nutrient metabolism or over-nutrtion
What are some common causes of malnutrition in the older adult?
- Inadequate intake
- Malabsorption
- Loss of nutrients-- diarrhea, perspiration, hemorrhage or renal failure
- Drug addiction
- Infection
What are the primary factors contributing to malnutrition in the older adult?
- Dietary
- Economic
- Psychosocial
- Physiological
What are some common nutrition-related changes associated with aging?
- Lower body mass
- Decreased metabolic rate
- Decreased bone density
- Decreased saliva production
- Decreased thirst perception
- Decreased taste/smell
- Decreased production of gastric acid and fluids
- Increased cholecystokinin and early satiety
,What is the impact of many chronic diseases/treatments on older adults nutritional status?
Chronic disease/treatments can affect older persons appetite, taste, reduce saliva production,
swallowing, nutrient absorption, metabolism and cause GI side effects
Chronic disease can contribute to functional impairment and correlate with poor dietary intake,
exercise and stress management.
What is the impact of depression on appetite?
Depression decreases the appetite
What is the impact of poor oral health on the older adults nutritional status?
Poor oral health and dry mouth impairs ones ability to lubricate, masticate and swallow food
What is the impact of disability on the older adults nutritional status?
Disability makes cooking more difficult and can hinder a persons ability to ingest food
How many meals per day is considered inadequate nutrition?
Eating <2 meals a day
Describe the importance of exercise on an older adults nutritional status.
- Exercise and maintenance of lean muscle mass can help older adults maintain strength and
prevent falls
- Exercise can enhance functional status and fitness
- Loss of muscle can lead to functional decline, fatigue, weakness, slow walking speed and a
downward spiral of activity with increased risk for falls
- Functional impairment often leads to malnutrition
What are the expected changes in taste and smell with aging?
Taste and smell are diminished
What are the expected changes in the oral cavity and pharynx with aging?
, - Dry mouth
- Possible dentures/tooth loss
- Decreased sense of thirst
What is a possible consequence related to the decreased thirst in older adults?
Uncompensated dehydration
What are the s/s of dehydration in an older adult?
- Lethargy
- Confusion
- Lightheadedness
- Dry mucous membranes
- Dry axillae
- Long tonuge furrows
- Postural changes in pulse and BP
- Dark urine
- Decreased urine output
What are the expected changes in the esophagus with aging?
Decreased motility
What are the expected changes in the stomach with aging?
- Decreased satiety triggers
- Decreased gastric secretions
- Delayed gastric emptying
What are the expected changes in the liver/kidneys with aging?
Decreased reserves-- difficulty metabolizing
Kidneys with decreased ability to concentrate urine
CORRECT!!!
What is malnutrition/undernutrition?
Any disorder of nutritional status, including disorders resulting from a deficiency of nutrient
intake, impaired nutrient metabolism or over-nutrtion
What are some common causes of malnutrition in the older adult?
- Inadequate intake
- Malabsorption
- Loss of nutrients-- diarrhea, perspiration, hemorrhage or renal failure
- Drug addiction
- Infection
What are the primary factors contributing to malnutrition in the older adult?
- Dietary
- Economic
- Psychosocial
- Physiological
What are some common nutrition-related changes associated with aging?
- Lower body mass
- Decreased metabolic rate
- Decreased bone density
- Decreased saliva production
- Decreased thirst perception
- Decreased taste/smell
- Decreased production of gastric acid and fluids
- Increased cholecystokinin and early satiety
,What is the impact of many chronic diseases/treatments on older adults nutritional status?
Chronic disease/treatments can affect older persons appetite, taste, reduce saliva production,
swallowing, nutrient absorption, metabolism and cause GI side effects
Chronic disease can contribute to functional impairment and correlate with poor dietary intake,
exercise and stress management.
What is the impact of depression on appetite?
Depression decreases the appetite
What is the impact of poor oral health on the older adults nutritional status?
Poor oral health and dry mouth impairs ones ability to lubricate, masticate and swallow food
What is the impact of disability on the older adults nutritional status?
Disability makes cooking more difficult and can hinder a persons ability to ingest food
How many meals per day is considered inadequate nutrition?
Eating <2 meals a day
Describe the importance of exercise on an older adults nutritional status.
- Exercise and maintenance of lean muscle mass can help older adults maintain strength and
prevent falls
- Exercise can enhance functional status and fitness
- Loss of muscle can lead to functional decline, fatigue, weakness, slow walking speed and a
downward spiral of activity with increased risk for falls
- Functional impairment often leads to malnutrition
What are the expected changes in taste and smell with aging?
Taste and smell are diminished
What are the expected changes in the oral cavity and pharynx with aging?
, - Dry mouth
- Possible dentures/tooth loss
- Decreased sense of thirst
What is a possible consequence related to the decreased thirst in older adults?
Uncompensated dehydration
What are the s/s of dehydration in an older adult?
- Lethargy
- Confusion
- Lightheadedness
- Dry mucous membranes
- Dry axillae
- Long tonuge furrows
- Postural changes in pulse and BP
- Dark urine
- Decreased urine output
What are the expected changes in the esophagus with aging?
Decreased motility
What are the expected changes in the stomach with aging?
- Decreased satiety triggers
- Decreased gastric secretions
- Delayed gastric emptying
What are the expected changes in the liver/kidneys with aging?
Decreased reserves-- difficulty metabolizing
Kidneys with decreased ability to concentrate urine
