ABFM HEALTH COUNSELING AND PREVENTIVE CARE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100% GUARANTEED PASS

1
ABFM




ABFM HEALTH COUNSELING AND
PREVENTIVE CARE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100%
GUARANTEED PASS


The American Diabetes Association recommends screening for diabetes mellitus
and prediabetes in which one of the following patients?


A 24-year-old female with a BMI of 32 kg/m2 who delivered a 3900-g (8 lb 10 oz)
infant 18 months ago after having normal results on a 50-g glucose challenge test
A 27-year-old female with polycystic ovary disease who has a BMI of 36 kg/m2
and had an HbA1c of 5.3% 12 months ago
A 48-year-old white male who takes no medications, has no family history of
diabetes, has a BMI of 34 kg/m2, and had an HbA1c of 5.3% 15 months ago
A healthy 60-year-old white male who exercises regularly and had a normal
fasting glucose level 4 years ago - ANS ✓D


The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends screening all people over
the age of 45 for diabetes mellitus every 3 years with a fasting plasma glucose
level, a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, or a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). It is
important to remember when using HbA1c for screening that hemolytic anemias
and acute blood loss can falsely lower HbA1c, whereas prior splenectomy and
aplastic anemias, which increase erythrocyte age, can falsely elevate HbA1c.
Hemoglobinopathies and hemoglobin variants can result in variable changes in
HbA1c level and may be more prevalent among certain racial and ethnic groups.
When used for diagnostic purposes the HbA1c test should be performed using a
method that is certified by the NGSP (http://www.ngsp.org) and standardized or
traceable to the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) reference
assay.Screening should be performed before age 45 for any individual with a BMI
≥25 kg/m2 (≥23 kg/m2 in Asian-Americans) who has any of the following
additional risk factors:



ABFM

, 2
ABFM
physical inactivity
a low HDL-cholesterol level (<35 mg/dL) or a high triglyceride level (>250
mg/dL)
a first degree relative with diabetes mellitus
polycystic ovary syndrome or other insulin-resistance conditions such as
acanthosis nigricans
high-risk ethnicity, including African-American, Latino, Native American, Asian-
American, and Pacific Islander
a previous glucose tolerance test with elevated results or a hemoglobin A1c
>5.7%
a history of cardiovascular disease
a blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or receiving treatment for hypertension
The ADA also recommends that women who have been diagnosed with
gestational diabetes should receive lifelong screening every 3 years.U.S.
Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations are slightly different.
They recommend screening all adults 40-70 years of age who


Moderate daily alcohol use has generally been defined as two or fewer standard
alcoholic drinks per day for men and one or fewer drinks per day for women.
Which one of the following would be considered a standard alcoholic drink?


1.5 oz of 80-proof brandy
2 oz of 80-proof whiskey
8 oz of red wine
12 oz of malt liquor
16 oz of light beer - ANS ✓A


According to the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, a standard
alcoholic drink is equivalent to 12 oz of beer; 8.5 oz of malt liquor; 5 oz of table
wine; 3.5 oz of fortified or dessert wine; 2.5 oz of cordial, liqueur, or aperitif; and
1.5 oz of spirits (one jigger of gin, vodka, whiskey, etc.) (SOR C).




ABFM

, 3
ABFM
The abbreviated Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence is used to determine
the intensity of addiction in smokers. This test consists of which one of the
following sets of questions?


Do you have significant cravings in places where smoking is forbidden, such as
church, the library, or movies? How soon after you wake up do you smoke your
first cigarette?
How soon after you wake up do you smoke your first cigarette? How many
cigarettes do you smoke each day?
Which cigarette would you most hate to give up? If you get a minor cold or illness
do you continue to smoke the same number of cigarettes?
What is the longest time you have gone without smoking? Do you smoke in your
car? - ANS ✓B


The Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence, formerly called the Fagerström
Test for Nicotine Dependence, is available in both a long form and an abbreviated
form. Use of this test can help a physician determine the intensity of a smoker's
addiction, and thereby help determine dosages for medications used to help
smokers quit.The short form of the test asks only when the patient smokes the
first cigarette of the day and how many cigarettes are smoked each day. These
questions have been shown to be both valid and reliable.The long form asks
about smoking at inappropriate places and times, including during illnesses, and
about when cravings are strongest.


A 54-year-old male tells you that he has started an exercise program. His routine
consists of chest presses, biceps curls, shoulder presses, abdominal crunches, and
quadriceps extensions. He says he works out 3 days a week, completing two sets
of 10 repetitions for each exercise.Which one of the following adjustments to his
routine would you recommend?


The frequency of training should be increased to at least five times per week
He should strive for a target heart rate of 50%-60% of his maximum rate in the
middle of his routine
He should train the front and back of major muscle groups
He should increase the number of repetitions to 20-30 in each set


ABFM

, 4
ABFM
He should do fewer repetitions with heavier weights to maximum effort - ANS
✓C


Although aerobic exercise has traditionally been emphasized for its health
benefits, research increasingly suggests that complementary resistance training
also has favorable effects on cardiovascular function, coronary risk factors, and
physical and psychosocial well-being. The American Heart Association
recommends the inclusion of resistance training for healthy persons of all ages,
and for many patients with chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease
(SOR C). Programs that include a single set of 8-10 different exercises performed
2-3 days a week have been shown to be beneficial. Although a greater frequency
of training is an option, the additional gain is usually small.While the number of
exercises can be reduced, training the front and back of major muscle groups
(e.g., chest/back, biceps/triceps) is recommended. A repetition range of 8-12 is
recommended for healthy participants younger than 50-60 years of age. To
reduce the risk for injury, 10-15 repetitions at a lower relative resistance is
generally recommended for cardiac patients and healthy participants over 50-60
years of age. Higher-intensity efforts (fewer repetitions with heavier weights)
increase the risk of musculoskeletal injury.The American College of Sports
Medicine recommends that older adults perform the following each week: a
minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of
vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, and two or more nonconsecutive days of
moderate-intensity strengthening activities, with 8-10 exercises involving the
major muscle groups and 8-12 repetitions of each exercise.


Which one of the following is an indication to offer abdominal ultrasonography to
screen for an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?


Hypertension and type 1 diabetes in a 60-year-old male
Hypertension and a 20-pack-year smoking history in a 65-year-old female who
quit smoking 4 years ago
A 5-pack-year smoking history in a 68-year-old male who quit smoking 40 years
ago
No recent AAA screening in a 74-year-old male whose last screening
ultrasonography 8 years ago was negative
A recent history of hemorrhagic stroke in a 75-year-old female - ANS ✓C



ABFM