COPE Health Scholar Exam Questions And
Accurate Answers (A+)
What are possible reactions to disrupted homeostasis? - ANSWER may overreact to
antigens, such as with allergies
may underreact, as with human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV)
may react to self proteins as with autoimmune disease
What are some examples of organ-specific autoimmune diseases? - ANSWER multiple
sclerosis
juvenile diabetes
What are some examples of systemic autoimmune diseases? - ANSWER systematic
lupus erythematous
rheumatoid arthritis
What are some environmental exposures that may activate the immune system of some
people? -ANSWER chemicals (dioxin, pesticides, solvents), sunlight, medication viruses,
bacteria, and food
What are components of a good health? -ANSWER good diet, exercise, sleep, decreased
stress
Why are fats important? -ANSWER they are important in the production of WBC's
cytokines, and natural killer cells.
Which vitamin has been proven to enhance antibody synthesis in older individuals? -
ANSER vitamin e
,Which vitamin assists with antibody synthesis? - ANSER vitamin b6
Neoplasia - ANSER uncontrolled, disorganized proliferation of cells
By what is neoplasia categorized? - ANSER 1. benign vs malignant
2. tissue of origin
What does benign mean? - ANSER does not metastasize
still may be detrimental (ex. compress surrounding tissues)
stay in one location
What does malignant mean? - ANSWER capable of invasion and metastasis
Invasion - ANSWER spread into adjacent spaces
Metastasis - ANSWER implantation into non-adjacent sites
What are some cancer cell characteristics? - ANSWER mutations in DNA: especially in
genes controlling growth or growth arrest
changes in cell shape: enlarged/loss of differentiation, can be detected under
microscope
uncontrolled cell cycle: cell cycle checkpoints no longer effective, increased
proliferation
Oncogenes - ANSWER increase cell division rates
must be turned "off" whereas tumor suppressor genes want to be turned "on"
,Apoptosis - ANSWER cell death
What are some treatments for cancer? - ANSWER surgery, chemotherapy, radiation,
targeted therapy
Take out tumor before metastasis
Non-hematological cancers can be cured if entirely taken out
Which cancer treatment method? - ANSWER surgery
Treatment with drugs that can destroy cancer cells (cytotoxic drugs)
Usually targets all rapidly diving cells, not specific for cancer cells
Which cancer treatment method? - ANSWER chemotherapy
Injures or destroys cells in area being treated by damaging genetic material
Affects both cancer cells and normal cells but most normal cells can recover
Which cancer treatment method? - ANSWER radiation
Use of agents specific for cancer cells that do not harm normal cells
The future of cancer therapy
Which cancer treatment method? - ANSWER targeted therapy
3 common cancers in males - ANSWER prostate
lung
colon
3 most common cancers in women - ANSWER breast
lung
, colon
Genetic Testing for Cancer Screening include - ANSWER chromosome/karyotype
changes
gene deletions or mutations
Name the three gynecologic cancer screenings - ANSWER pap smear and pelvic exam
mammogram (40 and up)
breast exam (starting age 20)
Name the three prostate and colon cancer screenings - ANSWER digital rectal exams
(40 and up)
guaiac/stool for occult blood (50 and up)
sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy (50 and up)
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Herpes Zoster (shingles)
Tetanus Diphtheria Pertussis (TDap)
Hepatitis B
Pneumococcal
Meningococcal - ANSWER vaccines
Stroke/Carotid Artery
Abdominal Aneurism
Peripheral Arterial
Pulmonary/COPD
Thyroid Abnormality
Osteoporosis Screening - ANSWER risk assessments for disease
Accurate Answers (A+)
What are possible reactions to disrupted homeostasis? - ANSWER may overreact to
antigens, such as with allergies
may underreact, as with human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV)
may react to self proteins as with autoimmune disease
What are some examples of organ-specific autoimmune diseases? - ANSWER multiple
sclerosis
juvenile diabetes
What are some examples of systemic autoimmune diseases? - ANSWER systematic
lupus erythematous
rheumatoid arthritis
What are some environmental exposures that may activate the immune system of some
people? -ANSWER chemicals (dioxin, pesticides, solvents), sunlight, medication viruses,
bacteria, and food
What are components of a good health? -ANSWER good diet, exercise, sleep, decreased
stress
Why are fats important? -ANSWER they are important in the production of WBC's
cytokines, and natural killer cells.
Which vitamin has been proven to enhance antibody synthesis in older individuals? -
ANSER vitamin e
,Which vitamin assists with antibody synthesis? - ANSER vitamin b6
Neoplasia - ANSER uncontrolled, disorganized proliferation of cells
By what is neoplasia categorized? - ANSER 1. benign vs malignant
2. tissue of origin
What does benign mean? - ANSER does not metastasize
still may be detrimental (ex. compress surrounding tissues)
stay in one location
What does malignant mean? - ANSWER capable of invasion and metastasis
Invasion - ANSWER spread into adjacent spaces
Metastasis - ANSWER implantation into non-adjacent sites
What are some cancer cell characteristics? - ANSWER mutations in DNA: especially in
genes controlling growth or growth arrest
changes in cell shape: enlarged/loss of differentiation, can be detected under
microscope
uncontrolled cell cycle: cell cycle checkpoints no longer effective, increased
proliferation
Oncogenes - ANSWER increase cell division rates
must be turned "off" whereas tumor suppressor genes want to be turned "on"
,Apoptosis - ANSWER cell death
What are some treatments for cancer? - ANSWER surgery, chemotherapy, radiation,
targeted therapy
Take out tumor before metastasis
Non-hematological cancers can be cured if entirely taken out
Which cancer treatment method? - ANSWER surgery
Treatment with drugs that can destroy cancer cells (cytotoxic drugs)
Usually targets all rapidly diving cells, not specific for cancer cells
Which cancer treatment method? - ANSWER chemotherapy
Injures or destroys cells in area being treated by damaging genetic material
Affects both cancer cells and normal cells but most normal cells can recover
Which cancer treatment method? - ANSWER radiation
Use of agents specific for cancer cells that do not harm normal cells
The future of cancer therapy
Which cancer treatment method? - ANSWER targeted therapy
3 common cancers in males - ANSWER prostate
lung
colon
3 most common cancers in women - ANSWER breast
lung
, colon
Genetic Testing for Cancer Screening include - ANSWER chromosome/karyotype
changes
gene deletions or mutations
Name the three gynecologic cancer screenings - ANSWER pap smear and pelvic exam
mammogram (40 and up)
breast exam (starting age 20)
Name the three prostate and colon cancer screenings - ANSWER digital rectal exams
(40 and up)
guaiac/stool for occult blood (50 and up)
sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy (50 and up)
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Herpes Zoster (shingles)
Tetanus Diphtheria Pertussis (TDap)
Hepatitis B
Pneumococcal
Meningococcal - ANSWER vaccines
Stroke/Carotid Artery
Abdominal Aneurism
Peripheral Arterial
Pulmonary/COPD
Thyroid Abnormality
Osteoporosis Screening - ANSWER risk assessments for disease
