1
NSE
NSE 211 WOUNDS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
Necrosis - ANS ✓tissue death that occurs of traumatic injury, infection, ischemia
or exposure to a toxic chemical that causes a local inflammatory response
Physical agents of necrosis - ANS ✓- Heat
- cold
- radiation
- chemical injury
- microbial injury
Dry gangrene - ANS ✓result from degrative changes that occur with certain
chronic diseases
ie:// atherosclerosis or diabetes when the blood supply to lower extremities is
gradually reduced
Wet gangrene - ANS ✓occurs because of a sudden rapid elimination of blood
flow
ie:// severe burn, traumatic crush injury
3 types of defence against injury - ANS ✓1. mononuclear phagocyte system
2. inflammatory response
3. fever
NSE 211
, 2
NSE
Mononuclear phagocyte system - ANS ✓A collection of phagocytic
macrophages, found in the blood and tissues, which trap and eliminate particles
foreign to the body.
fixed: liver, spleen, bone marrow, lungs, lymphs
free: blood, connective tissue
Inflammatory response - ANS ✓nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage
caused by injury or infection
the inflammation agent is neutralize and diluted, necrotic materials are removed
- includes vascular and cellular response
Vascular response - ANS ✓increase blood flow to site of an injury
- secreted by the sympathetic nervous system
- form a fibrin-platelet clot and release pro-inflammatory mediators like
histamine which causes vasodilation
Hypermia - ANS ✓increased blood flow
Cellular response - ANS ✓phagocytes produce nitric oxide, whose role inhibit
vascular smooth muscle contraction and growth
Selectins - ANS ✓allow cells to adhere to carbohydrates on the surfaces of other
cells and are most commonly used in the immune system
NSE 211
, 3
NSE
Integrins - ANS ✓cell receptors that mediate attachment between endothelial
cells and surrounding tissues
Neutrophils - ANS ✓- Most abundant white blood cell.
- first to arrive at the site of inflammation within 6-12 hours
- Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting
their life span to a few days.
Monocytes - ANS ✓- second cell that migrates from the blood
- attracted by chemotactic factors and arrive within 3-7 days
- transforms into macrophages which is important for cleaning the area
Lymphocytes - ANS ✓The two types of white blood cells that are part of the
body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release
antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and
other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances.
Eosinophils - ANS ✓released in large quantities during an allergic reaction
Complement system - ANS ✓enzymatic cascade consisting of pathways to
mediate inflammation and destroy invading pathogens
Major function of complement system - ANS ✓- enhanced phagocytosis
- increased vascular permeability
- chemotaxis
- cellular lysis
Prostaglandins - ANS ✓substances that can be synthesized from the
phospholipids of cell membranes of most body tissues
NSE 211
, 4
NSE
considered pro-inflammatory contributing to increased blood flow, edema and
pain
Cylo-oxygenase metabolic pathway - ANS ✓leads to the production of
prostaglandins and can sensitize pain receptors in response to stimuli that would
normally be painless
Systematic manifestation of inflammation - ANS ✓- leukocytosis with a shift
to the left
- malaise
- nausea
- anorexia
- increased pulse and resp rate
- fever
Malaise - ANS ✓A sense of unease; depression
Fever - ANS ✓release of cytokines initiated metabolic changes in the temp
regulating center of the hypothalamus cause a fever
Stages of febrile response - ANS ✓1. prodrome: mild headache, fatigue, general
malaise, muscle aches
2. chill: cutaneous vasoconstriction, goose bumps, pale skin, feeling cold, shaking
3. flush: sensation of warmth throughout body cutaneous vasodilation, warming
of skin
4. defervescence: sweating, decrease in body temp
Regeneration - ANS ✓replacement of lost cells and tissues with cells of the same
type
tissue types:
NSE 211
NSE
NSE 211 WOUNDS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
Necrosis - ANS ✓tissue death that occurs of traumatic injury, infection, ischemia
or exposure to a toxic chemical that causes a local inflammatory response
Physical agents of necrosis - ANS ✓- Heat
- cold
- radiation
- chemical injury
- microbial injury
Dry gangrene - ANS ✓result from degrative changes that occur with certain
chronic diseases
ie:// atherosclerosis or diabetes when the blood supply to lower extremities is
gradually reduced
Wet gangrene - ANS ✓occurs because of a sudden rapid elimination of blood
flow
ie:// severe burn, traumatic crush injury
3 types of defence against injury - ANS ✓1. mononuclear phagocyte system
2. inflammatory response
3. fever
NSE 211
, 2
NSE
Mononuclear phagocyte system - ANS ✓A collection of phagocytic
macrophages, found in the blood and tissues, which trap and eliminate particles
foreign to the body.
fixed: liver, spleen, bone marrow, lungs, lymphs
free: blood, connective tissue
Inflammatory response - ANS ✓nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage
caused by injury or infection
the inflammation agent is neutralize and diluted, necrotic materials are removed
- includes vascular and cellular response
Vascular response - ANS ✓increase blood flow to site of an injury
- secreted by the sympathetic nervous system
- form a fibrin-platelet clot and release pro-inflammatory mediators like
histamine which causes vasodilation
Hypermia - ANS ✓increased blood flow
Cellular response - ANS ✓phagocytes produce nitric oxide, whose role inhibit
vascular smooth muscle contraction and growth
Selectins - ANS ✓allow cells to adhere to carbohydrates on the surfaces of other
cells and are most commonly used in the immune system
NSE 211
, 3
NSE
Integrins - ANS ✓cell receptors that mediate attachment between endothelial
cells and surrounding tissues
Neutrophils - ANS ✓- Most abundant white blood cell.
- first to arrive at the site of inflammation within 6-12 hours
- Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting
their life span to a few days.
Monocytes - ANS ✓- second cell that migrates from the blood
- attracted by chemotactic factors and arrive within 3-7 days
- transforms into macrophages which is important for cleaning the area
Lymphocytes - ANS ✓The two types of white blood cells that are part of the
body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release
antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and
other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances.
Eosinophils - ANS ✓released in large quantities during an allergic reaction
Complement system - ANS ✓enzymatic cascade consisting of pathways to
mediate inflammation and destroy invading pathogens
Major function of complement system - ANS ✓- enhanced phagocytosis
- increased vascular permeability
- chemotaxis
- cellular lysis
Prostaglandins - ANS ✓substances that can be synthesized from the
phospholipids of cell membranes of most body tissues
NSE 211
, 4
NSE
considered pro-inflammatory contributing to increased blood flow, edema and
pain
Cylo-oxygenase metabolic pathway - ANS ✓leads to the production of
prostaglandins and can sensitize pain receptors in response to stimuli that would
normally be painless
Systematic manifestation of inflammation - ANS ✓- leukocytosis with a shift
to the left
- malaise
- nausea
- anorexia
- increased pulse and resp rate
- fever
Malaise - ANS ✓A sense of unease; depression
Fever - ANS ✓release of cytokines initiated metabolic changes in the temp
regulating center of the hypothalamus cause a fever
Stages of febrile response - ANS ✓1. prodrome: mild headache, fatigue, general
malaise, muscle aches
2. chill: cutaneous vasoconstriction, goose bumps, pale skin, feeling cold, shaking
3. flush: sensation of warmth throughout body cutaneous vasodilation, warming
of skin
4. defervescence: sweating, decrease in body temp
Regeneration - ANS ✓replacement of lost cells and tissues with cells of the same
type
tissue types:
NSE 211
