NSE 111 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED (2024/2025) (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

NSE 111 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED (2024/2025) (VERIFIED ANSWERS) What is a reservoir? - ANS A place where a pathogen can survive that may or may not multiply or cause harm/show symptoms What does it mean when a pathogen is colonizing a site? - ANS When a pathogen is present or in the body but does not cause harm What is a carrier? - ANS Animals or people who show no symptoms of illness but who have pathogens on or in their bodies that can be transferred to others What factors contribute to the growth of pathogens? - ANS Food oxygen to survive water or moisture ideal temperature is 35° (cold temperatures tend to prevent growth) prefer environment with PH 5 to 8 Minimal light What is the Portal of exit? - ANS The method which an infectious agent leaves its reservoir Ex) body openings, Breaks in the skin, breaks in the mucous membranes How can the pathogens make it through the portals of exit? Via... - ANS Blood Body fluids Excretions Secretions What is the mode of transmission? - ANS Is the route by which the pathogen travels from the Reservoir to a host List the modes of transmission (know what each means) - ANS 1. Direct contact 2. Indirect contact 3. Droplet transmission 4. Airborne transmission 5. Vehicle transmission 6. Vector borne transmission What is the portal of entry? - ANS Path through which the pathogen can enter the body- can be the same way as they exited Also any break in the skin- intentional or not- can be a portal of entry Ex) needle piercing skin, catheter, breathing in Someones cough Who is a susceptible host? - ANS Patient, health care workers, visitors What can vary susceptibility in individuals? - ANS -their immunity (vaccinations our previous illnesses) - Immunocompromise state - general health status - virulence of the micro organism, that is the severity or harmfulness of the disease - Age What are some normal defences against fighting infections? - ANS 1. Normal flora- Micro organisms that protect a person from pathogens that live outside and inside the body 2. Inflammatory Response- 3. Body system defences - Several organs have unique defences against infection (ex) respiratory tract, vagina What is a health care associated infection HAI? - ANS Nosocomial infection/ iatrogenic infection (originating in the hospital) Is an infection that a client acquired AFTER admission to a healthcare facility that was not present at the time of their admission What type of people are at an increased risk for acquiring a nosocomial infection? - ANS Hospitalized patients, especially older people