NSG 591 Cardiac Disorders Exam Study Guide
Acute coronary syndrome and angina pectoris - answer result from an imbalance in the
ability to supply the myocardium with sufficient oxygen to meet its metabolic demands
Acute coronary syndrome - answer St- Elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non ST
elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina create umbrella of
cardiovascular conditions
transmural myocardial infarction - answer characterized by ischemic necrosis of the full
thickness of the affected muscle segments
STEMI - answer Transmural myocardial infarction, subsequent Q waves, and total
occlusion of a coronary artery.
NSTEMI - answer Myocardial infarction without transmural, no Q wave, and subtotal
occlusion of the vessel.
Stable Angina - answer symptom provocation is usually predictable with exertion often
causing discomfort that is promptly relieved with rest use of sublingual nitro or both
Unstable angina - answer new symptoms at rest and worsening symptoms during
activities that did not previously provoke symptoms.
cTnI - answer more sensitive and specific than ECG and CK-MB in dx unstable angina
and NSTEMI
CK-MB - answer Creatine Kinase-Muscle Breakdown
Left Bundle Branch Block - answer If __________on ECG and clinical scenario is
consistent with acute MI, give acute MI care.
should not - answer Patients with presentation of MI without ST elevation should/should
not receive thrombolysis.
heart failure (HF) - answer occurs as a result of altered cardiac function that leads to
inadequate cardiac output and resulting inability to meet the o2 demand of the body.
ventricular filling/ejection of blood - answer Heart failure results from any structural or
functional impairment of :
Hypertensive heart disease/atherosclerosis - answer leading cause of HF
pnumonia - answer results in increased right-sided heart workload
anemia - answer results in decreased oxygen-carrying capability of the blood
increased NA intake - answer results in increased circulating volume which can stress
, the heart.
HF - answer Dyspnea and SOB (spectrum) that increases with severity are the common
clinical presentation of:
Severe HF - answer Crackles in lungs, wheezing with frothy blood tinged sputum, S3
noted (goes away when acute event treated), tachycardia, diaphoresis, pallor,
peripheral cyanosis with pallor. Edema sometimes but must take on 5L before this will
be seen.
hepatojugular reflex - answer result of liver engorgement from elevated right-sided
heart pressures.
PMI - answer HF will displace ____________ laterally
BNP - answer As part of the evaluation of a patient with dyspnea and suspected HF what
test should be ordered:
Pericarditis - answer fever, sudden onset of pain esp. with resp. and in recumbent
position, tachy, friction rub, elevated hs-CRP, ST elevation w/o Q waves
Constrictive pericarditis - answer fibrous scarring with some calcification of
pericardium causes visceral and parietal pericardial layers to adhere encasing heart in
rigid shell which impairs heart and reduces cardiac output.
-onset gradual, edema, JVD, hepatic congestion, T wave inversions, a fib.
Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade - answer (pulsus paradoxus) and muffled
heart sounds, dull chest pain, water bottle configuration on cardiac silhouette from EKG
Stenosis - answer valve orifice is constricted and narrowed, impeding the forward flow
of blood and increasing the workload of the chamber proximal to the diseased valve.
regurgitation - answer valve leaflets or cusps, fail to shut completely permitting blood
from to continues even valve is supposed to close
ishchemia - answer temporary deprivation of O2 in tissues/cells
Infarction - answer death of tissue (irreversible)
lipids - answer (cholesterol in particular) required by most cells to manufacture and
repair plasma membrane and is necessary for body to make bile acids and steroid
hormones. Most body cells make cholesterol but can also come from diet.
chylomicrons - answer (particles of dietary fat) packaged in small intestine that
Acute coronary syndrome and angina pectoris - answer result from an imbalance in the
ability to supply the myocardium with sufficient oxygen to meet its metabolic demands
Acute coronary syndrome - answer St- Elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non ST
elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina create umbrella of
cardiovascular conditions
transmural myocardial infarction - answer characterized by ischemic necrosis of the full
thickness of the affected muscle segments
STEMI - answer Transmural myocardial infarction, subsequent Q waves, and total
occlusion of a coronary artery.
NSTEMI - answer Myocardial infarction without transmural, no Q wave, and subtotal
occlusion of the vessel.
Stable Angina - answer symptom provocation is usually predictable with exertion often
causing discomfort that is promptly relieved with rest use of sublingual nitro or both
Unstable angina - answer new symptoms at rest and worsening symptoms during
activities that did not previously provoke symptoms.
cTnI - answer more sensitive and specific than ECG and CK-MB in dx unstable angina
and NSTEMI
CK-MB - answer Creatine Kinase-Muscle Breakdown
Left Bundle Branch Block - answer If __________on ECG and clinical scenario is
consistent with acute MI, give acute MI care.
should not - answer Patients with presentation of MI without ST elevation should/should
not receive thrombolysis.
heart failure (HF) - answer occurs as a result of altered cardiac function that leads to
inadequate cardiac output and resulting inability to meet the o2 demand of the body.
ventricular filling/ejection of blood - answer Heart failure results from any structural or
functional impairment of :
Hypertensive heart disease/atherosclerosis - answer leading cause of HF
pnumonia - answer results in increased right-sided heart workload
anemia - answer results in decreased oxygen-carrying capability of the blood
increased NA intake - answer results in increased circulating volume which can stress
, the heart.
HF - answer Dyspnea and SOB (spectrum) that increases with severity are the common
clinical presentation of:
Severe HF - answer Crackles in lungs, wheezing with frothy blood tinged sputum, S3
noted (goes away when acute event treated), tachycardia, diaphoresis, pallor,
peripheral cyanosis with pallor. Edema sometimes but must take on 5L before this will
be seen.
hepatojugular reflex - answer result of liver engorgement from elevated right-sided
heart pressures.
PMI - answer HF will displace ____________ laterally
BNP - answer As part of the evaluation of a patient with dyspnea and suspected HF what
test should be ordered:
Pericarditis - answer fever, sudden onset of pain esp. with resp. and in recumbent
position, tachy, friction rub, elevated hs-CRP, ST elevation w/o Q waves
Constrictive pericarditis - answer fibrous scarring with some calcification of
pericardium causes visceral and parietal pericardial layers to adhere encasing heart in
rigid shell which impairs heart and reduces cardiac output.
-onset gradual, edema, JVD, hepatic congestion, T wave inversions, a fib.
Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade - answer (pulsus paradoxus) and muffled
heart sounds, dull chest pain, water bottle configuration on cardiac silhouette from EKG
Stenosis - answer valve orifice is constricted and narrowed, impeding the forward flow
of blood and increasing the workload of the chamber proximal to the diseased valve.
regurgitation - answer valve leaflets or cusps, fail to shut completely permitting blood
from to continues even valve is supposed to close
ishchemia - answer temporary deprivation of O2 in tissues/cells
Infarction - answer death of tissue (irreversible)
lipids - answer (cholesterol in particular) required by most cells to manufacture and
repair plasma membrane and is necessary for body to make bile acids and steroid
hormones. Most body cells make cholesterol but can also come from diet.
chylomicrons - answer (particles of dietary fat) packaged in small intestine that
