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NUR 402 – COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAM REVIEW WITH
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS FOR,
EXAMS OF NURSING
What is a priority nursing intervention in the care of a patient with a diagnosis of chronic venous
insufficiency (CVI)?
A) Application of topical antibiotics to venous ulcers
B) Maintaining the patient's legs in a dependent position
C) Administration of oral and/or subcutaneous anticoagulants
D) Teaching the patient the correct use of compression stockings - ANSWER-D) Teaching the
patient the correct use of compression stockings
CVI requires conscientious and consistent application of compression stockings. Anticoagulants
are not necessarily indicated and antibiotics, if required, are typically oral or IV, not topical. The
patient should avoid prolonged positioning with the limb in a dependent position.
Which person should the nurse identify as having the highest risk for abdominal aortic
aneurysm?
A) A 70-year-old male, with high cholesterol and hypertension
B) A 40-year-old female with obesity and metabolic syndrome
C) A 60-year-old male with renal insufficiency who is physically inactive
D) A 65-year-old female with hyperhomocysteinemia and substance abuse - ANSWER-A) A 70-
year-old male, with high cholesterol and hypertension
The most common etiology of descending abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is atherosclerosis.
Male gender, age 65 years or older, and tobacco use are the major risk factors for AAAs of
atherosclerotic origin. Other risk factors include the presence of coronary or peripheral artery
disease, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.
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A 67-year-old man with peripheral artery disease is seen in the primary care clinic. Which
symptom reported by the patient would indicate to the nurse that the patient is experiencing
intermittent claudication?
A) Patient complains of chest pain with strenuous activity.
B) Patient says muscle leg pain occurs with continued exercise.
C) Patient has numbness and tingling of all his toes and both feet.
D) Patient states the feet become red if he puts them in a dependent position. - ANSWER-B)
Patient says muscle leg pain occurs with continued exercise.
Intermittent claudication is an ischemic muscle ache or pain that is precipitated by a consistent
level of exercise, resolves within 10 minutes or less with rest, and is reproducible. Angina is the
term used to describe chest pain with exertion. Paresthesia is the term used to describe
numbness or tingling in the toes or feet. Reactive hyperemia is the term used to describe
redness of the foot; if the limb is in a dependent position the term is dependent rubor.
A 32-year-old female is prescribed diltiazem (Cardizem) for Raynaud's phenomenon. To evaluate
the patient's expected response to this medication, what is most important for the nurse to
assess?
A) Improved skin turgor
B) Dcreased cardiac rate
C) Improved finger perfusion
D) Decreased mean arterial pressure - ANSWER-C) Improved finger perfusion
Raynaud's phenomenon is an episodic vasospastic disorder of small cutaneous arteries, most
frequently involving the fingers and toes. Diltiazem (Cardizem) is a calcium channel blocker that
relaxes smooth muscles of the arterioles by blocking the influx of calcium into the cells, thus
reducing the frequency and severity of vasospastic attacks. Perfusion to the fingertips is
improved and vasospastic attacks reduced. Diltiazem may decrease heart rate and blood
pressure, but that is not the purpose in Raynaud's phenomenon. Skin turgor is most often a
reflection of hydration status.
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A 73-year-old man with dementia has a venous ulcer related to chronic venous insufficiency.
The nurse should provide education on which type of diet for this patient and his caregiver?
A) Low-fat diet
B) High-protein diet
C) Calorie-restricted diet
D) High-carbohydrate diet - ANSWER-B) High-protein diet
A patient with a venous ulcer should have a balanced diet with adequate protein, calories, and
micronutrients; this type of diet is essential for healing. Nutrients most important for healing
include protein, vitamins A and C, and zinc. Foods high in protein (e.g., meat, beans, cheese,
tofu), vitamin A (green leafy vegetables), vitamin C (citrus fruits, tomatoes, cantaloupe), and
zinc (meat, seafood) must be provided. Restricting fat or calories is not helpful for wound
healing or in patients of normal weight. For overweight individuals with no active venous ulcer,
a weight-loss diet should be considered.
Which assessment question is most appropriate when the nurse is assessing a patient who is
receiving care for suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
A) "Do you smoke?"
B) "Do you tend to awaken early in the morning?"
C) "Are you under a lot of stress at work or at home right now?"
D) "Do you have a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?" - ANSWER-A) "Do you
smoke?"
Smoking is a major etiologic factor in OSA. Early wakening and stress are associated with
insomnia, not OSA in particular. COPD exacerbates the hypoxemia associated with OSA but does
not precipitate the onset of OSA itself.
An obese male patient is scheduled to begin treatment with continuous positive airway
pressure (CPAP). How will this treatment method alleviate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
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A) Calming the patient
B) Preventing airway collapse
C) Increasing the efficiency of gas exchange across alveolar walls
D) Requiring the patient to breathe through his nose rather than his mouth - ANSWER-B)
Preventing airway collapse
CPAP maintains sufficient positive pressure (5-25 cm H2O) in the airway during inspiration and
expiration to prevent airway collapse. CPAP does not require the patient to breathe through his
or her nose exclusively.
What principle should guide nursing practice when providing care for older patients?
A) Drug therapy should be used conservatively.
B) Older adults require less sleep than younger adults.
C) Cognitive-behavioral interventions are less effective than among younger adults.
D) Patient teaching should focus on older adults accepting age-related changes in their sleep
cycles. - ANSWER-A) Drug therapy should be used conservatively.
Drug therapy for sleep difficulties should be used conservatively in older adults. They do not
necessarily need less sleep, and cognitive-behavioral therapies should still be used. Changes in
sleep cycles do accompany aging, but teaching should not simply focus on accepting, rather
than addressing, these changes.
The patient will schedule a test to see if he has mild sleep apnea. What should the nurse teach
the patient to do until the test can be completed?
A) Take sleep medications.
B) Use his wife's CPAP mask.
C) Sleep in a side-lying position.
D) Do not use pillows when sleeping. - ANSWER-C) Sleep in a side-lying position.
NUR 402 – COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAM REVIEW WITH
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS FOR,
EXAMS OF NURSING
What is a priority nursing intervention in the care of a patient with a diagnosis of chronic venous
insufficiency (CVI)?
A) Application of topical antibiotics to venous ulcers
B) Maintaining the patient's legs in a dependent position
C) Administration of oral and/or subcutaneous anticoagulants
D) Teaching the patient the correct use of compression stockings - ANSWER-D) Teaching the
patient the correct use of compression stockings
CVI requires conscientious and consistent application of compression stockings. Anticoagulants
are not necessarily indicated and antibiotics, if required, are typically oral or IV, not topical. The
patient should avoid prolonged positioning with the limb in a dependent position.
Which person should the nurse identify as having the highest risk for abdominal aortic
aneurysm?
A) A 70-year-old male, with high cholesterol and hypertension
B) A 40-year-old female with obesity and metabolic syndrome
C) A 60-year-old male with renal insufficiency who is physically inactive
D) A 65-year-old female with hyperhomocysteinemia and substance abuse - ANSWER-A) A 70-
year-old male, with high cholesterol and hypertension
The most common etiology of descending abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is atherosclerosis.
Male gender, age 65 years or older, and tobacco use are the major risk factors for AAAs of
atherosclerotic origin. Other risk factors include the presence of coronary or peripheral artery
disease, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.
,2|Page
A 67-year-old man with peripheral artery disease is seen in the primary care clinic. Which
symptom reported by the patient would indicate to the nurse that the patient is experiencing
intermittent claudication?
A) Patient complains of chest pain with strenuous activity.
B) Patient says muscle leg pain occurs with continued exercise.
C) Patient has numbness and tingling of all his toes and both feet.
D) Patient states the feet become red if he puts them in a dependent position. - ANSWER-B)
Patient says muscle leg pain occurs with continued exercise.
Intermittent claudication is an ischemic muscle ache or pain that is precipitated by a consistent
level of exercise, resolves within 10 minutes or less with rest, and is reproducible. Angina is the
term used to describe chest pain with exertion. Paresthesia is the term used to describe
numbness or tingling in the toes or feet. Reactive hyperemia is the term used to describe
redness of the foot; if the limb is in a dependent position the term is dependent rubor.
A 32-year-old female is prescribed diltiazem (Cardizem) for Raynaud's phenomenon. To evaluate
the patient's expected response to this medication, what is most important for the nurse to
assess?
A) Improved skin turgor
B) Dcreased cardiac rate
C) Improved finger perfusion
D) Decreased mean arterial pressure - ANSWER-C) Improved finger perfusion
Raynaud's phenomenon is an episodic vasospastic disorder of small cutaneous arteries, most
frequently involving the fingers and toes. Diltiazem (Cardizem) is a calcium channel blocker that
relaxes smooth muscles of the arterioles by blocking the influx of calcium into the cells, thus
reducing the frequency and severity of vasospastic attacks. Perfusion to the fingertips is
improved and vasospastic attacks reduced. Diltiazem may decrease heart rate and blood
pressure, but that is not the purpose in Raynaud's phenomenon. Skin turgor is most often a
reflection of hydration status.
,3|Page
A 73-year-old man with dementia has a venous ulcer related to chronic venous insufficiency.
The nurse should provide education on which type of diet for this patient and his caregiver?
A) Low-fat diet
B) High-protein diet
C) Calorie-restricted diet
D) High-carbohydrate diet - ANSWER-B) High-protein diet
A patient with a venous ulcer should have a balanced diet with adequate protein, calories, and
micronutrients; this type of diet is essential for healing. Nutrients most important for healing
include protein, vitamins A and C, and zinc. Foods high in protein (e.g., meat, beans, cheese,
tofu), vitamin A (green leafy vegetables), vitamin C (citrus fruits, tomatoes, cantaloupe), and
zinc (meat, seafood) must be provided. Restricting fat or calories is not helpful for wound
healing or in patients of normal weight. For overweight individuals with no active venous ulcer,
a weight-loss diet should be considered.
Which assessment question is most appropriate when the nurse is assessing a patient who is
receiving care for suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
A) "Do you smoke?"
B) "Do you tend to awaken early in the morning?"
C) "Are you under a lot of stress at work or at home right now?"
D) "Do you have a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?" - ANSWER-A) "Do you
smoke?"
Smoking is a major etiologic factor in OSA. Early wakening and stress are associated with
insomnia, not OSA in particular. COPD exacerbates the hypoxemia associated with OSA but does
not precipitate the onset of OSA itself.
An obese male patient is scheduled to begin treatment with continuous positive airway
pressure (CPAP). How will this treatment method alleviate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
, 4|Page
A) Calming the patient
B) Preventing airway collapse
C) Increasing the efficiency of gas exchange across alveolar walls
D) Requiring the patient to breathe through his nose rather than his mouth - ANSWER-B)
Preventing airway collapse
CPAP maintains sufficient positive pressure (5-25 cm H2O) in the airway during inspiration and
expiration to prevent airway collapse. CPAP does not require the patient to breathe through his
or her nose exclusively.
What principle should guide nursing practice when providing care for older patients?
A) Drug therapy should be used conservatively.
B) Older adults require less sleep than younger adults.
C) Cognitive-behavioral interventions are less effective than among younger adults.
D) Patient teaching should focus on older adults accepting age-related changes in their sleep
cycles. - ANSWER-A) Drug therapy should be used conservatively.
Drug therapy for sleep difficulties should be used conservatively in older adults. They do not
necessarily need less sleep, and cognitive-behavioral therapies should still be used. Changes in
sleep cycles do accompany aging, but teaching should not simply focus on accepting, rather
than addressing, these changes.
The patient will schedule a test to see if he has mild sleep apnea. What should the nurse teach
the patient to do until the test can be completed?
A) Take sleep medications.
B) Use his wife's CPAP mask.
C) Sleep in a side-lying position.
D) Do not use pillows when sleeping. - ANSWER-C) Sleep in a side-lying position.
