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HESI NUTRITION ACTUAL EXAM 100 QUESTION AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES GRADED A+.
A nurse is instructing a client with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) about the diet that should be
followed during the acute phase. Which type of diet should the nurse stress? - ANSWER-bland
Which nutrient deficiency in the pregnant adolescent may result in decreased birth weight as a
consequence of low bone mineral density in the fetus? - ANSWER-calcium
Calcium and vitamin deficiency may result in decreased birth weight as a consequence of low
bone mineral density. Zinc deficiency may not lead to a decrease in bone mineral density. Iron
deficiency may lead to anemia. Folic acid deficiency may result in neural tube defects.
A client with osteoporosis has been receiving dietary information from the nurse. Which food
selection by the client indicates that the nurse's dietary instruction was effective? - ANSWER-
turnip greens
Turnip greens are high in calcium and vitamins. A high level of nitrogen from protein breakdown
may increase the release of calcium from bone to serve as a buffer of the nitrogen. Soft drinks
that are high in phosphorus may interfere with calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal (GI)
tract. Enriched grains that are high in phosphorus may interfere with calcium absorption from
the GI tract.
What is the required average daily intake of calories in preschoolers? - ANSWER-1800
A nurse instructs a client with viral hepatitis about the type of diet that should be ingested.
Which lunch selected by the client indicates understanding about dietary principles associated
with this diagnosis? - ANSWER-Salad, sliced chicken sandwich, gelatin dessert
The diet should be high in carbohydrates, with moderate protein and fat content. A salad,
chicken and gelatin meal is the best choice. Turkey salad, french fries, and sherbet are too high
in fat. Cottage cheese, mixed fruit salad, and a milkshake are dairy products and may cause
lactose intolerance; the hepatitis virus injures the intestinal mucosa and reduces the client's
ability to metabolize lactose. Cheeseburger, tortilla chips, and chocolate pudding are too high in
fat.
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A 17-year-old client is found to have anorexia nervosa. The psychiatrist, in conjunction with the
client and the parents, decides to institute a behavior modification program. What does the
nurse recall is a major component of behavior modification? - ANSWER-rewarding positive
behavior
In behavior modification [1] [2] [3], positive behavior is reinforced, and negative behavior is not
reinforced or punished. Reducing the number or complexity of necessary restrictions,
deconditioning the fear of weight gain, and reducing the number of anxiety-producing
situations may all be part of the program, but none is a major component.
Which statement is true about the diet plan for toddlers? - ANSWER-Milk should be
supplemented with solid food items like vegetables and fruits.
In toddlers, the parents should be supplementing the child's intake of milk with solid foods
items, ensuring a balanced diet for adequate growth. Serving finger foods to toddlers allows
them to eat by themselves and to satisfy their need for independence and control. The intake of
milk should be limited to 2 to 3 cups because the consumption of more than a quart of milk per
day tends to decrease the child's appetite for essential solid foods and results in inadequate iron
intake. Children below 2 years of age should not be given low-fat or skimmed milk because the
fat is important for the physical and intellectual growth of the child.
What is the role of shark cartilage in the management of human immunodeficiency (HIV) and
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? - ANSWER-complimentary
Shark cartilage is considered as an alternative or complementary therapy to prescribed
medications for clients with HIV and AIDS. Lymphocyte transfusions and bone marrow
transplants are used to improve immunity in clients with HIV and AIDS. Lemon juice and
lemongrass may provide relief from oral thrush in some clients with HIV and AIDS. A high-
calorie, high-protein diet is advised to clients with HIV and AIDS to improve their nutritional
status.
When assessing the characteristics of an adolescent with anorexia nervosa, how does the nurse
expect to describe the adolescent? - ANSWER-Perfectionistic
Perfectionistic standards and extremes of self-discipline are an attempt to maintain control and
meet the client's own and others' expectations. People with anorexia nervosa are often anxious
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and depressed, not manic. People with anorexia nervosa are frequently compliant in an attempt
to meet the expectations of others. People with anorexia nervosa usually use excessive exercise
routines as a means of losing weight. Also, many are trying to become the thin, fit ideal woman
depicted in the media.
A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client with celiac disease. Which foods should the
nurse teach the client to avoid when following a gluten-free diet? Select all that apply. -
ANSWER-rye, oats, and wheat
When caring for a client who is receiving enteral feedings, the nurse should take which measure
to prevent aspiration - ANSWER-elevate HOB
To prevent aspiration, the nurse should keep the head of the bed elevated between 30 and 45
degrees. Elevating the head any higher causes increased sacral pressure and increases the risk
of skin breakdown. Decreasing flow rate, checking residual, and irrigating regularly will not
prevent aspiration.
The nurse is teaching a client about the prescribed diet after a Whipple procedure for cancer of
the pancreas. Which statement should the nurse include in the dietary teaching? - ANSWER-
Low-fat meals should be eaten to prevent interference with your fat digestion mechanism."
Whipple procedure leads to malabsorption because of impaired delivery of bile to the intestine
and interruption of glucose metabolism; interference with fat digestion occurs. Clients require
small, frequent low-fat, high-protein, moderate-carbohydrate meals and supplemental feedings.
The response "There are no dietary restrictions because the tumor has been removed" is false
reassurance. High-calorie meals are needed to provide energy and to promote the use of
protein for tissue repair. High protein is required for tissue building; there is no problem with
the liver in clients with cancer of the pancreas unless metastasis occurs by direct extension.
celiac disease - ANSWER-intolerance of gluten
Celiac disease is an immunological small intestine enteropathy characterized by the inability to
metabolize the gliadin component of gluten found in grains such as wheat, barley, rye, and oats;
this results in excessive glutamine that is toxic to the mucosal cells. The stools are fatty and
yellow. The intestinal villi are present but will atrophy if exposed to foods containing gluten.
HESI NUTRITION ACTUAL EXAM 100 QUESTION AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES GRADED A+.
A nurse is instructing a client with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) about the diet that should be
followed during the acute phase. Which type of diet should the nurse stress? - ANSWER-bland
Which nutrient deficiency in the pregnant adolescent may result in decreased birth weight as a
consequence of low bone mineral density in the fetus? - ANSWER-calcium
Calcium and vitamin deficiency may result in decreased birth weight as a consequence of low
bone mineral density. Zinc deficiency may not lead to a decrease in bone mineral density. Iron
deficiency may lead to anemia. Folic acid deficiency may result in neural tube defects.
A client with osteoporosis has been receiving dietary information from the nurse. Which food
selection by the client indicates that the nurse's dietary instruction was effective? - ANSWER-
turnip greens
Turnip greens are high in calcium and vitamins. A high level of nitrogen from protein breakdown
may increase the release of calcium from bone to serve as a buffer of the nitrogen. Soft drinks
that are high in phosphorus may interfere with calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal (GI)
tract. Enriched grains that are high in phosphorus may interfere with calcium absorption from
the GI tract.
What is the required average daily intake of calories in preschoolers? - ANSWER-1800
A nurse instructs a client with viral hepatitis about the type of diet that should be ingested.
Which lunch selected by the client indicates understanding about dietary principles associated
with this diagnosis? - ANSWER-Salad, sliced chicken sandwich, gelatin dessert
The diet should be high in carbohydrates, with moderate protein and fat content. A salad,
chicken and gelatin meal is the best choice. Turkey salad, french fries, and sherbet are too high
in fat. Cottage cheese, mixed fruit salad, and a milkshake are dairy products and may cause
lactose intolerance; the hepatitis virus injures the intestinal mucosa and reduces the client's
ability to metabolize lactose. Cheeseburger, tortilla chips, and chocolate pudding are too high in
fat.
,2|Page
A 17-year-old client is found to have anorexia nervosa. The psychiatrist, in conjunction with the
client and the parents, decides to institute a behavior modification program. What does the
nurse recall is a major component of behavior modification? - ANSWER-rewarding positive
behavior
In behavior modification [1] [2] [3], positive behavior is reinforced, and negative behavior is not
reinforced or punished. Reducing the number or complexity of necessary restrictions,
deconditioning the fear of weight gain, and reducing the number of anxiety-producing
situations may all be part of the program, but none is a major component.
Which statement is true about the diet plan for toddlers? - ANSWER-Milk should be
supplemented with solid food items like vegetables and fruits.
In toddlers, the parents should be supplementing the child's intake of milk with solid foods
items, ensuring a balanced diet for adequate growth. Serving finger foods to toddlers allows
them to eat by themselves and to satisfy their need for independence and control. The intake of
milk should be limited to 2 to 3 cups because the consumption of more than a quart of milk per
day tends to decrease the child's appetite for essential solid foods and results in inadequate iron
intake. Children below 2 years of age should not be given low-fat or skimmed milk because the
fat is important for the physical and intellectual growth of the child.
What is the role of shark cartilage in the management of human immunodeficiency (HIV) and
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? - ANSWER-complimentary
Shark cartilage is considered as an alternative or complementary therapy to prescribed
medications for clients with HIV and AIDS. Lymphocyte transfusions and bone marrow
transplants are used to improve immunity in clients with HIV and AIDS. Lemon juice and
lemongrass may provide relief from oral thrush in some clients with HIV and AIDS. A high-
calorie, high-protein diet is advised to clients with HIV and AIDS to improve their nutritional
status.
When assessing the characteristics of an adolescent with anorexia nervosa, how does the nurse
expect to describe the adolescent? - ANSWER-Perfectionistic
Perfectionistic standards and extremes of self-discipline are an attempt to maintain control and
meet the client's own and others' expectations. People with anorexia nervosa are often anxious
, 3|Page
and depressed, not manic. People with anorexia nervosa are frequently compliant in an attempt
to meet the expectations of others. People with anorexia nervosa usually use excessive exercise
routines as a means of losing weight. Also, many are trying to become the thin, fit ideal woman
depicted in the media.
A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client with celiac disease. Which foods should the
nurse teach the client to avoid when following a gluten-free diet? Select all that apply. -
ANSWER-rye, oats, and wheat
When caring for a client who is receiving enteral feedings, the nurse should take which measure
to prevent aspiration - ANSWER-elevate HOB
To prevent aspiration, the nurse should keep the head of the bed elevated between 30 and 45
degrees. Elevating the head any higher causes increased sacral pressure and increases the risk
of skin breakdown. Decreasing flow rate, checking residual, and irrigating regularly will not
prevent aspiration.
The nurse is teaching a client about the prescribed diet after a Whipple procedure for cancer of
the pancreas. Which statement should the nurse include in the dietary teaching? - ANSWER-
Low-fat meals should be eaten to prevent interference with your fat digestion mechanism."
Whipple procedure leads to malabsorption because of impaired delivery of bile to the intestine
and interruption of glucose metabolism; interference with fat digestion occurs. Clients require
small, frequent low-fat, high-protein, moderate-carbohydrate meals and supplemental feedings.
The response "There are no dietary restrictions because the tumor has been removed" is false
reassurance. High-calorie meals are needed to provide energy and to promote the use of
protein for tissue repair. High protein is required for tissue building; there is no problem with
the liver in clients with cancer of the pancreas unless metastasis occurs by direct extension.
celiac disease - ANSWER-intolerance of gluten
Celiac disease is an immunological small intestine enteropathy characterized by the inability to
metabolize the gliadin component of gluten found in grains such as wheat, barley, rye, and oats;
this results in excessive glutamine that is toxic to the mucosal cells. The stools are fatty and
yellow. The intestinal villi are present but will atrophy if exposed to foods containing gluten.
