NRSC 4072 Clinical Neuroscience: Exam 2
Questions And Answers
Why is MS considered a secondary neurological disease? -
correct answer ✅It is primarily an autoimmune disorder that
results in a neurological disease due to the immune cells attacking
the CNS.
What are the symptoms of MS? Are symptoms a/symmetric? -
correct answer ✅ALL SYMPTOMS ASYMMETRIC
***sensory and motor imparments, and cognitive disfunction.
-Sensory Loss e.g. numbness
-Optic neuritis
-Motor Weakness
-Paresthesias (pins-and-needles pain)
-Diplopia (double vision) or reduce visual field or blindness
-Ataxia (unsteadiness)
-Vertigo
-Paroxysmal attacks
-Bladder dysfunction & constipation
-muscle spasms
,NRSC 4072 Clinical Neuroscience: Exam 2
Questions And Answers
-fatigue
How is MS diagnosed? -
correct answer ✅MRI is used to visualize sclerosis aka plaques
which are scar tissues that are visible in the white matter of people
who have MS. (A. Normal Brain; B. Brain of patient w/ RRMS; C.
Patient w/ SPMS)
What are the 4 patterns of MS progression? -
correct answer ✅1. RRMS: relapsing-remitting MS
2. SPMS: secondary progressive MS
3. PPMS: primary progressive MS
4. PRMS: primary-relapsing MS
RRMS (Relapsing- Remitting MS) -
correct answer ✅1. RRMS: relapsing-remitting MS
-relapsing symptoms
,NRSC 4072 Clinical Neuroscience: Exam 2
Questions And Answers
-85% of cases
-flare-ups of symptoms that last from days-weeks
-relapses separated by periods of remission (can last for months)
-last for 15-25 years then worsens to SPMS.
SPMS (secondary-progressive MS) -
correct answer ✅2. SPMS: secondary progressive
-some relapse and then steadily progression;
-symptoms worsen over time w/o remittance periods in between
-Typically a person w/ RRMS has a 2% annual chance to develop
SPMS.
, NRSC 4072 Clinical Neuroscience: Exam 2
Questions And Answers
PPMS (primary-progressive MS) -
correct answer ✅PPMS: primary progressive MS
-steady incline of worsening of symptoms.
-About 15% of patients never have any attacks or remissions but
instead have symptoms that gradually worsen over time.
PRMS (primary-relapsing MS) -
correct answer ✅PRMS: primary relapsing MS
-Affects 5% of patients.
-The progressive worsening is overlaid by occasional attacks.
What environmental factors and/or genetics increase the likelihood
of MS? -
correct answer ✅1. Geography: higher prevalence in northern
hemispheres, farther from equator= higher risk
2.Genetic risk: 20% concordance for monozygotic twins.
Questions And Answers
Why is MS considered a secondary neurological disease? -
correct answer ✅It is primarily an autoimmune disorder that
results in a neurological disease due to the immune cells attacking
the CNS.
What are the symptoms of MS? Are symptoms a/symmetric? -
correct answer ✅ALL SYMPTOMS ASYMMETRIC
***sensory and motor imparments, and cognitive disfunction.
-Sensory Loss e.g. numbness
-Optic neuritis
-Motor Weakness
-Paresthesias (pins-and-needles pain)
-Diplopia (double vision) or reduce visual field or blindness
-Ataxia (unsteadiness)
-Vertigo
-Paroxysmal attacks
-Bladder dysfunction & constipation
-muscle spasms
,NRSC 4072 Clinical Neuroscience: Exam 2
Questions And Answers
-fatigue
How is MS diagnosed? -
correct answer ✅MRI is used to visualize sclerosis aka plaques
which are scar tissues that are visible in the white matter of people
who have MS. (A. Normal Brain; B. Brain of patient w/ RRMS; C.
Patient w/ SPMS)
What are the 4 patterns of MS progression? -
correct answer ✅1. RRMS: relapsing-remitting MS
2. SPMS: secondary progressive MS
3. PPMS: primary progressive MS
4. PRMS: primary-relapsing MS
RRMS (Relapsing- Remitting MS) -
correct answer ✅1. RRMS: relapsing-remitting MS
-relapsing symptoms
,NRSC 4072 Clinical Neuroscience: Exam 2
Questions And Answers
-85% of cases
-flare-ups of symptoms that last from days-weeks
-relapses separated by periods of remission (can last for months)
-last for 15-25 years then worsens to SPMS.
SPMS (secondary-progressive MS) -
correct answer ✅2. SPMS: secondary progressive
-some relapse and then steadily progression;
-symptoms worsen over time w/o remittance periods in between
-Typically a person w/ RRMS has a 2% annual chance to develop
SPMS.
, NRSC 4072 Clinical Neuroscience: Exam 2
Questions And Answers
PPMS (primary-progressive MS) -
correct answer ✅PPMS: primary progressive MS
-steady incline of worsening of symptoms.
-About 15% of patients never have any attacks or remissions but
instead have symptoms that gradually worsen over time.
PRMS (primary-relapsing MS) -
correct answer ✅PRMS: primary relapsing MS
-Affects 5% of patients.
-The progressive worsening is overlaid by occasional attacks.
What environmental factors and/or genetics increase the likelihood
of MS? -
correct answer ✅1. Geography: higher prevalence in northern
hemispheres, farther from equator= higher risk
2.Genetic risk: 20% concordance for monozygotic twins.
