ATI Care of Children EXAM RATED A+
Dictatorial or Authoritarian Parenting - Answers -✔✔ Parents try to control the child's
behaviors and attitudes through unquestioned rules and expectations
Permissive Parenting - Answers -✔✔ Parents exert little or no control over the child's
behaviors, and consult the child when making decisions
Democratic or Authoritative - Answers -✔✔ Parents direct the child's behavior by setting
rules and explaining the reason for each rule setting
Passive Parenting - Answers -✔✔ parents are uninvolved, indifferent, and emotionally
removed
Temperature by Ages - Answers -✔✔ 3 to 6 months: 37.5C (99.5F)
1 year: 37.7C (99.9F)
3 years: 37.2C (99.0F)
5 years: 37.0C (98.6F)
7 years: 36.8C (98.2F)
9 to 11 years: 36.7C (98.1F)
13 years: 36.6C (97.9F)
Pulse Rates by Age - Answers -✔✔ Newborn: 80-190 beats/min
1 week to 3 months: 120-180 beats/min
3 months to 2 years: 70-150 beats/min
2 to 10 years: 60-110 beats/min
10 years or older: 50-90 beats/min
Respirations by Age - Answers -✔✔ Newborn to 1 year: 30-35 breaths/min
1 to 2 years: 25-30 breaths/min
2 to 6 years: 21-25 breaths/min
6 to 12 years: 19-21 breaths/min
12 years or older: 16-29 breaths/min
Blood Pressure by Age - Answers -✔✔ Infants: Systolic 65-78, Diastolic 41-52
Girls: 1 year: 83-114/ 38-67
3 years: 86-117/ 47-76
6 years: 91-122/ 54-83
10 years: 98-129/ 59-88
16 years: 108-138/ 64-93
Boys: 1 year: 80-114/ 34-66
3 years: 86-120/ 44-75
6 years: 91-125/ 53 - 84
,10 years: 97-130/ 58-90
16 years: 111-145/ 63-94
Age when posterior fontanel should close - Answers -✔✔ 6-8 weeks of age
Age when anterior fontanel should close - Answers -✔✔ 12-18 months of age
How many teeth should an infant have by 1 year of age? - Answers -✔✔ 6-8 teeth
How many deciduous teeth do children have? - Answers -✔✔ 20
How many permanent teeth to children have? - Answers -✔✔ 32
Moro Reflex - Answers -✔✔ Elicited by allowing the head and trunk of an infant in a
semi-sitting position to fall backward to an angle of at least 20 degrees
The infant's arms and legs symmetrically extend, then abduct while fingers spread to
form a C shape
Birth to 4 months
Tonic Neck Reflex - Answers -✔✔ Elicited by turning an infant's head to one side
The infant extends the arm and leg on that side and flexes the arm and leg on the
opposite side
Birth to 3 to 4 months
Babinski Reflex - Answers -✔✔ Elicited by stroking the outer edge of the sole of an
infant's foot up toward the toes
The infant's toes fan upward and out
Birth to 1 year
Cranial Nerves - Answers -✔✔ Olfactory - sense of smell
Optic - visual acuity
Oculomotor - PERRLA
Trochlear - look down and in with eyes
Trigeminal - detects touch on face with eyes closed
Abducens - move eyes laterally
Facial - symmetric facial movements
Acoustic - Intact hearing
Glossopharyngeal - intact gag reflex, taste sour foods
Vagus - swallowing
,Spinal Accessory - equal strength of shoulder shrug against examiner's hands
Hypoglossal - tongue that is midline, move tongue in all directions
When should birth weight double? - Answers -✔✔ 5 months
When should birth weight triple? - Answers -✔✔ 12 months
How much do infants grow in height in the first 6 months? - Answers -✔✔ 2.5 cm (1
inch) per month
How much should birth length increase by 12 months? - Answers -✔✔ 50%
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 3 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: only slight head lag
Fine: no longer has a grasp reflex
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 4 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: rolls from back to side
Fine: grasps objects with both hands
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 5 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: rolls from front to back
Fine: use palmar grasp dominantly
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 6 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: rolls from back to front
Fine: holds bottle
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 7 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: bears full weight on feet
Fine: moves object from hand to hand
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 8 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: sits unsupported
Fine: begins using a pincer grasp
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 9 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: creeps on hands and
feet instead of crawling
Fine: has a crude pincer grasp
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 10 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: changes from a prone
to a sitting position
Fine: places objects into a container, neat pincer grasp
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 12 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: sits down from a
standing position without assistance
Fine: tries to build a two block tower without success
Piaget Cognitive Development of an Infant - Answers -✔✔ Sensorimotor stage
, Object permanence - the process by which infants learn that an object still exists when it
is out of view. This occurs approximately at 9-10 months of age
Language development of an infant - Answers -✔✔ Says three to five words
Comprehends the word "no" by 9-10 months and obeys single commands accompanied
by gestures
Erikson stage of psychosocial development: infant - Answers -✔✔ Trust vs Mistrust
Trust is developed by meeting comfort, feeding, stimulation, and caring needs
Mistrust develops if needs are inadequately or inconsistently met, or if needs are
continuously met before being vocalized by the infant
Social development: infant - Answers -✔✔ Separation anxiety begins around 4-8
months of age. Infants will protest when separated from parents, which can cause
considerable anxiety for parents. By 11 months to 12 months, infants are able to
anticipate the mother's imminent departure by watching her behaviors
Stranger fear becomes evident between 6-8 months of age, when infants have the
ability to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar people
Age Appropriate Activities: Infant - Answers -✔✔ Rattles
Playing pat-a-cake
Brightly colored toys
Playing with blocks
Soft stuffed toys
Immunizations: Infants - Answers -✔✔ Birth: Hepatitis B
2 months: DTaP, Rotavirus (RV), inactivated poliovirus (IPV), Haemophilus influenzae
type B (Hib), pneumococcal vaccine (PCV), and Hep B
4 months: DTaP, RV, IPV, Hib, PCV
6 months: DTaP, IPV, PCV, and Hep B, RV, Hib
6-12 months: seasonal influenza vaccination yearly
Infant Nutrition - Answers -✔✔ Breastfeeding provides a complete diet for infants during
the first 6 months
Alternative sources of fluids, such as juice or water, are not needed during the first 4
months of life
Solids are introduced around 4-6 months of age
Iron-fortified cereal is typically introduced first due to its high iron content
new foods should be introduced one at a time, over a 5-7 day period, to observe for
signs of allergy
Dictatorial or Authoritarian Parenting - Answers -✔✔ Parents try to control the child's
behaviors and attitudes through unquestioned rules and expectations
Permissive Parenting - Answers -✔✔ Parents exert little or no control over the child's
behaviors, and consult the child when making decisions
Democratic or Authoritative - Answers -✔✔ Parents direct the child's behavior by setting
rules and explaining the reason for each rule setting
Passive Parenting - Answers -✔✔ parents are uninvolved, indifferent, and emotionally
removed
Temperature by Ages - Answers -✔✔ 3 to 6 months: 37.5C (99.5F)
1 year: 37.7C (99.9F)
3 years: 37.2C (99.0F)
5 years: 37.0C (98.6F)
7 years: 36.8C (98.2F)
9 to 11 years: 36.7C (98.1F)
13 years: 36.6C (97.9F)
Pulse Rates by Age - Answers -✔✔ Newborn: 80-190 beats/min
1 week to 3 months: 120-180 beats/min
3 months to 2 years: 70-150 beats/min
2 to 10 years: 60-110 beats/min
10 years or older: 50-90 beats/min
Respirations by Age - Answers -✔✔ Newborn to 1 year: 30-35 breaths/min
1 to 2 years: 25-30 breaths/min
2 to 6 years: 21-25 breaths/min
6 to 12 years: 19-21 breaths/min
12 years or older: 16-29 breaths/min
Blood Pressure by Age - Answers -✔✔ Infants: Systolic 65-78, Diastolic 41-52
Girls: 1 year: 83-114/ 38-67
3 years: 86-117/ 47-76
6 years: 91-122/ 54-83
10 years: 98-129/ 59-88
16 years: 108-138/ 64-93
Boys: 1 year: 80-114/ 34-66
3 years: 86-120/ 44-75
6 years: 91-125/ 53 - 84
,10 years: 97-130/ 58-90
16 years: 111-145/ 63-94
Age when posterior fontanel should close - Answers -✔✔ 6-8 weeks of age
Age when anterior fontanel should close - Answers -✔✔ 12-18 months of age
How many teeth should an infant have by 1 year of age? - Answers -✔✔ 6-8 teeth
How many deciduous teeth do children have? - Answers -✔✔ 20
How many permanent teeth to children have? - Answers -✔✔ 32
Moro Reflex - Answers -✔✔ Elicited by allowing the head and trunk of an infant in a
semi-sitting position to fall backward to an angle of at least 20 degrees
The infant's arms and legs symmetrically extend, then abduct while fingers spread to
form a C shape
Birth to 4 months
Tonic Neck Reflex - Answers -✔✔ Elicited by turning an infant's head to one side
The infant extends the arm and leg on that side and flexes the arm and leg on the
opposite side
Birth to 3 to 4 months
Babinski Reflex - Answers -✔✔ Elicited by stroking the outer edge of the sole of an
infant's foot up toward the toes
The infant's toes fan upward and out
Birth to 1 year
Cranial Nerves - Answers -✔✔ Olfactory - sense of smell
Optic - visual acuity
Oculomotor - PERRLA
Trochlear - look down and in with eyes
Trigeminal - detects touch on face with eyes closed
Abducens - move eyes laterally
Facial - symmetric facial movements
Acoustic - Intact hearing
Glossopharyngeal - intact gag reflex, taste sour foods
Vagus - swallowing
,Spinal Accessory - equal strength of shoulder shrug against examiner's hands
Hypoglossal - tongue that is midline, move tongue in all directions
When should birth weight double? - Answers -✔✔ 5 months
When should birth weight triple? - Answers -✔✔ 12 months
How much do infants grow in height in the first 6 months? - Answers -✔✔ 2.5 cm (1
inch) per month
How much should birth length increase by 12 months? - Answers -✔✔ 50%
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 3 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: only slight head lag
Fine: no longer has a grasp reflex
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 4 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: rolls from back to side
Fine: grasps objects with both hands
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 5 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: rolls from front to back
Fine: use palmar grasp dominantly
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 6 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: rolls from back to front
Fine: holds bottle
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 7 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: bears full weight on feet
Fine: moves object from hand to hand
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 8 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: sits unsupported
Fine: begins using a pincer grasp
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 9 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: creeps on hands and
feet instead of crawling
Fine: has a crude pincer grasp
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 10 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: changes from a prone
to a sitting position
Fine: places objects into a container, neat pincer grasp
Gross and Fine Motors Skills: 12 months - Answers -✔✔ Gross: sits down from a
standing position without assistance
Fine: tries to build a two block tower without success
Piaget Cognitive Development of an Infant - Answers -✔✔ Sensorimotor stage
, Object permanence - the process by which infants learn that an object still exists when it
is out of view. This occurs approximately at 9-10 months of age
Language development of an infant - Answers -✔✔ Says three to five words
Comprehends the word "no" by 9-10 months and obeys single commands accompanied
by gestures
Erikson stage of psychosocial development: infant - Answers -✔✔ Trust vs Mistrust
Trust is developed by meeting comfort, feeding, stimulation, and caring needs
Mistrust develops if needs are inadequately or inconsistently met, or if needs are
continuously met before being vocalized by the infant
Social development: infant - Answers -✔✔ Separation anxiety begins around 4-8
months of age. Infants will protest when separated from parents, which can cause
considerable anxiety for parents. By 11 months to 12 months, infants are able to
anticipate the mother's imminent departure by watching her behaviors
Stranger fear becomes evident between 6-8 months of age, when infants have the
ability to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar people
Age Appropriate Activities: Infant - Answers -✔✔ Rattles
Playing pat-a-cake
Brightly colored toys
Playing with blocks
Soft stuffed toys
Immunizations: Infants - Answers -✔✔ Birth: Hepatitis B
2 months: DTaP, Rotavirus (RV), inactivated poliovirus (IPV), Haemophilus influenzae
type B (Hib), pneumococcal vaccine (PCV), and Hep B
4 months: DTaP, RV, IPV, Hib, PCV
6 months: DTaP, IPV, PCV, and Hep B, RV, Hib
6-12 months: seasonal influenza vaccination yearly
Infant Nutrition - Answers -✔✔ Breastfeeding provides a complete diet for infants during
the first 6 months
Alternative sources of fluids, such as juice or water, are not needed during the first 4
months of life
Solids are introduced around 4-6 months of age
Iron-fortified cereal is typically introduced first due to its high iron content
new foods should be introduced one at a time, over a 5-7 day period, to observe for
signs of allergy
