NR222/ NR 222 EXAM 2: HEALTH AND WELLNESS REVIEW| QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100% CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) – CHAMBERLAIN (NEW 2025/ 2026 UPDATE)

1 NR NR222 NR222/ NR 222 EXAM 2: HEALTH AND WELLNESS REVIEW| QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100% CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) – CHAMBERLAIN (NEW 2025/ 2026 UPDATE) A hospital creates a Facebook page for the bariatric surgery program. The owner of the site posts healthy recipes, lifestyle information, and information about upcoming workshops. This is an example of: a) health literacy. b) coercive advertising. c) a teaching plan. d) social marketing. - ANS d) social marketing. Working families with an income too low to purchase health insurance and too high to qualify for Medicaid would be an example of which of the following issues? a) Low health literacy b) Health disparity c) Federally subsidized health care d) Poor quality health care - ANS b) Health disparity The nurse incorporates cultural considerations into the health teaching plan by: a) assessing a person's beliefs. b) using medical terminology. c) presenting evidence-based information. d) explaining that universal health practices are the best. - ANS a) assessing a person's beliefs. Nurses provide health education to people to assist them in achieving a goal of: Select all that apply.2 NR NR222 a) enhanced wellness. b) physician-directed care. c) lifestyle behaviors to prevent chronic illness. d) admission to tertiary-care facilities. e) Improved health literacy. f) patient empowerment. - ANS a) enhanced wellness. c) lifestyle behaviors to prevent chronic illness. e) Improved health literacy. f) patient empowerment. In demonstrating the method for deep breathing exercises, the nurse places his or her hands on the patient's abdomen to explain diaphragmatic movements. This technique involves the use of which communication element? a) referent b) message c) feedback d) tactile channel - ANS d) tactile channel means of conveying and receiving messages through visual, auditory, and tactile senses Which statement about nonverbal communication is correct? a) the nurse's verbal messages should be reinforced by nonverbal cues b) it is easy for a nurse to judge the meaning of a patient's facial expression c) the physical appearance of the nurse rarely influences nurse-patient interaction d) words convey meanings that are usually more significant than nonverbal communication - ANS a) the nurse's verbal messages should be reinforced by nonverbal cues awareness of the tone of verbal response and the nonverbal behavior results in further exploration the term referring to the sender's attitude toward the self, the message, and the listener is: a) denotative meaning b) metacommunication c) connotative meaning3 NR NR222 d) nonverbal communication - ANS c) connotative meaning the connotative meaning of a word is influenced by the thoughts, feelings, or ideas people have about the word the referent in the communication process is: a) information shared by the sender b) the means of conveying messages c) that which motivates the communication d) the person who initiates the communicaiton - ANS c) that which motivates the communication motivates one person to communicate with the other a nurse is conducting an admission interview with a patient. to maintain the patient's territoriality and maximize communication, the nurse should sit: a) 4 to 12 feet from the patient b) 0 to 18 inches from the patient c) 12 feet or more from the patient d) 18 inches to 4 feet form the patient - ANS d) 18 inches to 4 feet from the patient personal zone when taking a patient's history An internal impulse that causes a person to take action is: 1. Anxiety 2. Motivation 3. Adaptation 4. Compliance - ANS 2. Motivation demonstration of the principles of body mechanics used when transferring patients from bed to chair would be classified under which domain of learning? a) social b) affective c) cognitive4 NR NR222 d) psychomotor - ANS d) psychomotor which of the following patients is most ready to begin a patient-teaching session? a) ms. hernandez, who is unwilling to accept that her back injury may result in permanent paralysis b) mr. frank, who is newly diagnosed with diabetes, who is complaining that he was awake all night because of his noisy roommate c) mrs. brown, a patient with irritable bowel syndrome, who has just returned from a morning of testing in the gastrointestinal laboratory d) mr. jones a patient who had a heart attack 4 days ago and now seems somewhat anxious about how this will affect his future - ANS d) mr. jones a patient who had a heart attack 4 days ago and now seems somewhat anxious about how this will affect his future the nurse works with pediatric patients who have diabetes. which is the youngest age group to which the nurse can effectively teach psychomotor skills such as insulin administration? a) toddler b) preschool c) school age d) adolescent - ANS c) school age which of the following is an appropriately stated learning objective for mr. ryan, who is newly diagnosed with diabetes? a) mr. ryan will understand diabetes b) mr. ryan will be taught self-administration of insulin by 5/2 c) mr. ryan will know the signs and symptoms of low blood sugar by 5/5 d) mr. ryan will perform blood glucose monitoring with the EZ-check monitor by the time of discharge - ANS d) mr. ryan will perform blood glucose monitoring with the EZ-check monitor by the time of discharge the primary purpose of a patient's medical record is to: a) provide validation for hospital charges b) satisfy requirements of accreditation agencies c) provide the nurse with a defense against malpractice5 NR NR222 d) communicate accurate, timely information about the patient - ANS d) communicate accurate, timely information about the patient the patients medical record should be the most current and accurate continuous source of information about the patients health care status which of the following is correctly charted according to the six guidelines for quality recording? a) was depressed today b) respiration rapid; lungs sound clear c) had a good day. up and about in room d) crying. states she doesn't want visitors to see her like this - ANS d) crying. states she doesn't want visitors to see her like this during a change-of-shift report: a) two or more nurses always visit all patients to review their plain of care b) the nurse should identify nursing diagnoses and clarify patient priorities c) nurses should exchange judgments they have made about patient attitudes d) patient information is communicated from a nurse on a sending unit to a nurse on a receiving unit - ANS b) the nurse should identify nursing diagnoses and clarify patient priorities an incident report is: a) a legal claim against a nurse for negligent nursing care b) a summary report of all falls occurring on a nursing unit c) a report of an event inconsistent with the routine care of a patient d) a report of a nurse's behavior submitted to the hospital administration - ANS c) a report of an event inconsistent with the routine care of a patient if an error is made while recording, the nurse should: a) erase it or scratch it out b) leave a blank space in the note c) draw a single line through the error and initial it d) obtain a new nurse's note and rewrite the entries - ANS c) draw a single line through the error and initial it6 NR NR222 according to piaget, the school-age child is in the third stage of cognitive development, which is characterized by: a) concrete operations b) conventional thought c) postconventional thought d) identity vs. role-diffusion - ANS a) concrete operations children achieve the ability to perform mental operations according to erikson, the developmental task of adolescence is: a) industry vs. inferiority b) identity vs. role confusion c) autonomy vs. shame and doubt d) role acceptance vs. role confusion - ANS b) identity vs. role confusion according to erikson's developmental theory, the primary developmental task of the middle years is to: a) achieve intimacy b) achieve generativity c) establish a set of personal values d) establish a sense of personal identity - ANS b) achieve generativity according to kohlberg, children develop moral reasoning as they mature. which of the following is most characteristics of a preschoolers stage of moral development? a) the rules of correct behavior are obeyed b) behavior that pleases others is considered good c) showing respect for authority is important behavior d) actions are determined as good or bad in terms of their consequences - ANS a) the rules of correct behavior are obeyed to stimulate cognitive and psychosocial development of the toddler, it is important for parents to: a) set firm and consistent limits b) foster sharing of toys and playmates and siblings c) provide clarification about what is right and wrong7 NR NR222 d) limit confusion by restricting exploration of the environment - ANS a) set firm and consistent limits which of the following is true of the developmental behaviors of schoolaged children? a) fears center on the loss of self-control b) positive feedback from parents and teachers is crucial to development c) formal and informal peer group membership is the key in forming selfesteem d) a full range of defense mechanisms is used, including rationalization and intellectualization - ANS b) positive feedback from parents and teachers is crucial to development the greatest cause of illness and death in the young adult population is: a) violence b) substance abuse c) cardiovascular disease d) sexually transmitted disease - ANS a) violence which physiological change would be a normal assessment finding in a middle adult? a) increased breast size b) reduced auditory acuity c) thickening of the waistline d) increased anteroposterior diameter of the thorax - ANS c) thickening of the waistline in planning patient education for mrs. smith, a 45-year-old woman who had an ovarian cyst removed, which of the following facts is true about the sexuality of middle-aged adults? a) menstruation ceases after menopause b) estrogen is produced after menopause c) with removal of the ovarian cyst, pregnancy cannot occur d) after reaching climacteric, a man is unable to father a child - ANS a) menstruation ceases after menopause which statement describing delirium is correct?8 NR NR222 a) symptoms of delirium are irreversible b) the onset of delirium is slow and insidious c) symptoms of delirium are stable and unchanging d) causes include electrolyte imbalances and cerebral anoxia - ANS d) causes include electrolyte imbalances and cerebral anoxia ms. dale states that she does not need the TV turned on because she cannot see very well. normal visual changes in older adults include all of the following except: a) double vision b) sensitivity to glare c) decreased visual acuity d) decreased accommodation to darkness - ANS a) double vision e states that he is worried about his parents plan to retire. all of the following would be appropriate responses regarding the retirement of older adults except: a) retirement may affect an individual's physical and psychological functioning b) positive adjustment is often related to how much a person planned for the retirement c) reactions to retirement are influenced by the importance that has been attached to the work role d) retirement for most persons represents a sudden shock that is irreversibly damaging to self-image and self-esteem - ANS d) retirement for most persons represents a sudden shock that is irreversibly damaging to selfimage and self-esteem an 18-month-old child is noted by the parents to be "angry" about any change in routine. the child's temperament is most likely to be described as: a) slow to warm up b) difficult c) hyperactive d) easy - ANS b) difficult9 NR NR222 9-year-old brian has a difficult time making friends at school and being chosen to play on the team. he also has trouble completing his homework and, as a result, receives little positive feedback from his parents or teacher. according to erikson's theory, failure at this stage of development results in: a) a sense of guilt b) a poor sense of self c) feelings of inferiority d) mistrust - ANS c) feelings of inferiority the nurse teaches parents how to have their children learn impulse control and cooperative behaviors. this would be during which of erickson's stages of development? a) trust versus mistrust b) initiative versus guilt c) industry versus inferiority d) autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt - ANS b) initiative versus guilt when preparing a 4-year-old child for a procedure, which method is developmentally most appropriate for the nurse to use? a) allowing the child to watch another child undergoing the same procedure b) showing the child pictures of what he or she will experience c) talking to the child in simple terms about what will happened d) preparing the child through play with a doll and toy medical equipment - ANS d) preparing the child through play with a doll and toy medical equipment a 35-year-old woman is speaking with you about her recent diagnosis of a chronic illness. she is concerned about her treatment options in relation to her ability to continue to care for her family. as she considers the options and alternatives, she incorporates information, her values, and emotions to decide which plan will be the best fit for her. she is using which form of cognitive development? a) conventional reasoning b) formal operations c) integrity versus despair10 NR NR222 d) postformal thought - ANS d) postformal thought you are coming for a recently retired man who appears withdrawn and says he is "bored with life." applying the work of havinghurst, you would help this individual find meaning in life by: a) encouraging him to explore new roles b) encouraging relocation to a new city c) explaining the need to simplify life d) encouraging him to adopt a new pet - ANS a) encouraging him to explore new roles place the following stages of freud's psychosexual development in the proper order by age progression a) oedipal b) latency c) oral d) genital e) anal - ANS c) oral e) anal b) latency a) oedipal d) genital according to piaget's cognitive theory, a 12-year-old child is most likely to engage in which of the following activities a) using building blocks to determine how houses are constructed b) writing a story about a clown who wants to leave the circus c) drawing pictures of a family using stick figures d) writing an essay about patriotism - ANS b) writing a story about a clown who wants to leave the circus allison, age 15 years, calls her best friend laura and is crying. she has a date with john, someone she has been hoping to date for months, but now she has a pimple on her forehead. laura firmly believes that john and everyone else will notice the blemish right away. this is an example of the: a) imaginary audience b) false-belief syndrome11 NR NR222 c) personal fable d) personal absorption syndrome - ANS a) imaginary audience Elizabeth, who is having unprotected sex with her boyfriend, comments to her friends, "Did you hear about Kathy? You know, she fools around so much; I heard she was pregnant. That would never happen to me!" This is an example of adolescent: A) Imaginary audience. B) False-belief syndrome. C) Personal fable. D) Sense of invulnerability - ANS D) Sense of invulnerability Teaching an older adult how to use e-mail to communicate with a grandchild who lives in another state is an example of ____________, which aids cognitive performance by using new approaches. A) Cognitive development B) Activity theory C) Selective optimization with compensation D) Formal operations - ANS C) Selective optimization with compensation Dave reports being happy and satisfied with his life. What do we know about Dave? A) He is in one of the later developmental periods, concerned with reviewing his life. B) He is atypical, since most people in any of the developmental stages report significant dissatisfaction with their lives. C) He is in one of the earlier developmental periods, concerned with establishing a career and satisfying long-term relationships. D) It is difficult to determine Dave's developmental stage since most people report overall satisfaction with their lives in all stages - ANS D) It is difficult to determine Dave's developmental stage since most people report overall satisfaction with their lives in all stages In an interview with a pregnant patient, the nurse discussed the three risk factors that have been cited as having a possible effect on prenatal development. They are: A) Nutrition, stress, and mother's age. B) Prematurity, stress, and mother's age.12 NR NR222 C) Nutrition, mother's age, and fetal infections. D) Fetal infections, prematurity, and placenta previa. - ANS A) Nutrition, stress, and mother's age a parent has brought her 6-month-old infant in for a well-child check. which of her statements indicates a need for further teaching? a) "I can start giving her whole milk at about 12 months." b) "i can continue to breastfeed for another 6 months." c) "I've started giving her plenty of fruit juice as a way to increase her vitamin intake." d) "i can start giving her solid food now." - ANS c) "I've started giving her plenty of fruit juice as a way to increase her vitamin intake." the type of injury a child is most vulnerable to at a specific age is most closely related to which of the following a) provision of adult supervision b) educational level of the patient c) physical health of the child d) developmental level of the child - ANS d) developmental level of the child which approach would be best for the nurse to use with a hospitalized toddler a) always give several choices b) set few limits to allow for open expression c) use noninvasive methods when possible d) gain cooperation before attempting treatment - ANS d) gain cooperation before attempting treatment the nurse is providing information on prevention of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) to the mother of a young infant. which of the following statements indicates that the mother has a good understanding? (Select all that apply) a) "i wont use pacifier to help my baby sleep." b) "i'll be sure my baby does not spend any time on her abdomen." c) "i'll place my baby on her back for sleep." d) "i'll be sure to keep my baby's room cold." - ANS c) "i'll place my baby on her back for sleep."13 NR NR222 d) "i'll be sure to keep my baby's room cold." in evaluating the gross-motor development of a 5-month-old infant, which of the following would the nurse expect the infant to do? a) roll from abdomen to back b) move from prone to sitting unassisted c) sit upright without support d) turn completely over - ANS a) roll from abdomen to back Parents are concerned about their toddler's negativism and ask the nurse for guidance. Which is the most appropriate recommendation? A) Provide more attention. B) Reduce opportunities for a "no" answer. C) Be consistent with punishment. D) Provide opportunities for the toddler to make decisions. - ANS B) Reduce opportunities for a "no" answer. When nurses are communicating with adolescents, they should: A) Be alert to clues to their emotional state. B) Ask closed-ended questions to get straight answers. C) Avoid looking for meaning behind adolescents' words or actions. D) Avoid discussing sensitive issues such sex and drugs. - ANS A) Be alert to clues to their emotional state. which of the following statements is most descriptive of the psychosocial development of school-age children a) boys and girls play equally with each other b) peer influence is not yet an important factor to the child c) they like to play games with rigid rules d) children frequently have "best friends." - ANS d) children frequently have "best friends." with the exception of pregnant or lactating women, the young adult has usually completed physical growth by the age of: a) 18 b) 2014 NR NR222 c) 25 d) 30 - ANS b) 20 the nurse is completing an assessment on a male patient, age 24. following the assessment, the nurse notes that his physical and laboratory findings are within normal limits. because of these findings, nursing interventions are directed toward activities related to: a) instructing him to return in 2 years b) instructing him in secondary prevention c) instructing him in health promotion activities d) implementing primary prevention with vaccines - ANS c) instructing him in health promotion activities when determining the amount of information that a patient needs to make decisions about the prescribed course of therapy, many factors affect the patient's compliance with the regimen, including educational level and socioeconomic factors. which additional factor affects compliance? a) gender b) lifestyle c) motivation d) family history - ANS c) motivation a patient is laboring with her firs tabby, which is coming 2 weeks early. her husband is in the military and might not get back in time, and both families are unable to be with her during labor. the doctor decides to call in which of the following people employed by the birthing area to be a support person to be present during labor: a) nurse b) midwife c) assistant d) lay doula - ANS d) lay doula a single young adult female interacts with a group of close friends from college and work. they celebrate birthdays and holidays together. in addition, they help one another through many stressors. she views these individuals as: a) family15 NR NR222 b) siblings c) substitue parents d) alternative family structure - ANS a) family Sharing eating utensils with a person who has a contagious illness increases the risk of illness. This type of health risk arises from: A) Lifestyle. B) Community. C) Family history. D) Personal hygiene habits. - ANS D) Personal hygiene habits. a 50-year-old woman has elevated cholesterol profile values that increase her cardiovascular risk factor. one method to control this risk factor is to identify current diet trends and describe dietary changes to reduce the risk. this nursing activity is a form of: a) referral b) counseling c) health education d) stress management techniques - ANS c) health education a 50-year-old male patient is seen in the clinic. he tells the nurse that he has recently lost his job and his wife of 26 years has asked for a divorce. he has a flat affect. family history reveals that his father committed suicide at the age of 53. the nurse should assess for the following: a) cardiovascular disease b) depression c) sexually transmitted suicide d) iron deficiency anemia - ANS b) depression Middle-age adults frequently find themselves trying to balance responsibilities related to employment, family life, care of children, and care of aging parents. People finding themselves in this situation are frequently referred to as being a part of: A) The sandwich generation. B) The millennial generation. C) Generation X. D) Generation Y. - ANS A) The sandwich generation.16 NR NR222 intimate partner violence (IPV) is linked to which of the following factors? (select all that apply) a) alcohol abuse b) pregnancy c) unemployment d) drug use - ANS a) alcohol abuse b) pregnancy c) unemployment d) drug use sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be a major health problem in young adults. men ages 20 to 24 years have the highest rate of which STI a) chlamydia b) syphilis c) gonorrhea d) herpes zoster - ANS a) chlamydia Formation of positive health habits may prevent the development of chronic illness later in life. Which of the following are examples of positive health habits? (Select all that apply.) A) Routine screening and diagnostic tests B) Unprotected sexual activity C) Regular exercise D) Excess alcohol consumption - ANS A) Routine screening and diagnostic tests C) Regular exercise chronic illness may affect a person's roles and responsibilities during middle adulthood. when assessing the knowledge base of both the middleage patient with a chronic illness and his family, the assessment should include which of the following (Select all that apply) a) the medical course of the illness b) the prognosis for the patient c) coping mechanisms of the patient and family d) the need for community and social services - ANS a) the medical course of the illness17 NR NR222 b) the prognosis for the patient c) coping mechanisms of the patient and family a 45-year-old obese woman tells the nurse that she wants to lose weight. after conducting a thorough assessment, the nurse concludes that which of the following may be contributing factors to the woman's obesity) (Select all that apply) a) the woman works in an executive position that is very demanding b) the woman works out at the corporate gym at 5am two mornings per week c) the woman says that she has little time to prepare meals at home and eats out at least four nights a week d) the woman says that she tries to eat "low cholesterol" foods to help lose weight - ANS a) the woman works in an executive position that is very demanding c) the woman says that she has little time to prepare meals at home and eats out at least four nights a week a patient's family member is considering having her mother placed in a nursing center. you have talked with the family before and know that this is a difficult decision. which of the following criteria would you recommend in choosing a nursing center (Select all that apply) a) the center should be clean, and rooms should look like a hospital room b) there should be adequate staffing on all shifts c) social activities should be available for all residents d) three meals should be served daily with a set menu and serving schedule e) family involvement in care planning and assisting with physical care is necessary - ANS b) there should be adequate staffing on all shifts c) social activities should be available for all residents e) family involvement in care planning and assisting with physical care is necessary a nurse has conducted an assessment of a new patient who has come to the medical clinic. the patient is 82 years old and has had osteoarthritis for 10 years and diabetes mellitus for 20 years. he is alert but becomes easily distracted during the nursing history. he recently moved to a new apartment, and his pet beagle died just 2 months ago. he is most likely experiencing:18 NR NR222 a) dementia b) depression c) delirium d) disengagement - ANS b) depression a major life event such as the death of a loved one, a move to a nursing home, or a cancer diagnosis could precipitate: a)dementia b) delirium c) depression d) stroke - ANS c) depression Sexuality is maintained throughout our lives. Which answer below best explains sexuality in an older adult? A) When the sexual partner passes away, the survivor no longer feels sexual. B) A decrease in an older adult's libido occurs. C) Any outward expression of sexuality suggests that the older adult is having a developmental problem. D) All older adults, whether healthy or frail, need to express sexual feelings. - ANS D) All older adults, whether healthy or frail, need to express sexual feelings. Older adults experience a change in sexual activity. Which best explains this change? A) The need to touch and be touched is decreased. B) The sexual preferences of older adults are not as diverse. C) Physical changes usually do not affect sexual functioning. D) Frequency and opportunities for sexual activity may decline. - ANS D) Frequency and opportunities for sexual activity may decline. You see a 76-year-old woman in the outpatient clinic. Her chief complaint is vision. She states she has really noticed glare in the lights at home. Her vision is blurred; and she is unable to play cards with her friends, read, or do her needlework. You suspect that she may have: A) Presbyopia. B) Disengagement. C) Cataract(s). D) Depression. - ANS C) Cataract(s).19 NR NR222 a nurse is caring for a patient preparing for discharge from the hospital the next day. the patient does not read and has a hearing loss. his family caregiver will be visiting before discharge. what can you do to facilitate the patient's understanding of his discharge instructions (select all that apply) a) speak loudly so the patient can hear you b) sit facing the patient so he is able to watch your lip movements and facial expressions c) present one idea or concept at a time d) send a written copy of the instructions home with him and tell him to have the family review them e) include the family caregiver in the teaching session - ANS b) sit facing the patient so he is able to watch your lip movements and facial expressions c) present one idea or concept at a time e) include the family caregiver in the teaching session Taste buds atrophy and lose sensitivity, and appetite may decrease. As a result, the older adult is less able to discern: A) Spicy and bland foods. B) Salty, sour, and bitter tastes. C) Hot and cold food temperatures. D) Moist and dry food preparations. - ANS B) Salty, sour, and bitter tastes. kyphosis, a change in the musculoskeletal system, leads to: a) decreased bone density in the vertebrae and hips b) increased risk for pathological stress fractures in the hips c) changes in the configuration of the spine that affect the lungs and thorax d) calcification of the bony tissues of the long bones such as in the legs and arm - ANS c) changes in the configuration of the spine that affect the lungs and thorax a 63-year-old patient is retiring from his job at an accounting firm where he has a in a management role for the past 20 years. he has been with the same company for 42 years and was a dedicated employee. his wife is a homemaker. she raised their five children, babysits for her grandchildren as needed, and belongs to numerous church committees. what are your major concerns for this patient (Select all that apply) a) the loss of his work role20 NR NR222 b) the risk of social isolation c) a determination if the wife will need to start working d) how the wife expects household tasks to be divided in the home in retirement e) the age the patient chose to retire - ANS a) the loss of his work role d) how the wife expects household tasks to be During a home health visit a nurse talks with a patient and his family caregiver about the patient's medications. The patient has hypertension and renal disease. Which of the following findings places him at risk for an adverse drug event? (Select all that apply.) A) Taking two medications for hypertension B) Taking a total of eight different medications during the day. C) Having one physician who reviews all medications D) Patient's health history E) Involvement of the caregiver in assisting with medication administration - ANS B) Taking a total of eight different medications during the day. D) Patient's health history you are caring for an 80-year-old man who recently loss his wife. he shares with you that he has been drinking more than he ever did in the past and feels hopeless without his wife. he reports that he rarely sees his children and feels isolated and alone. this patient is at risk for a) demntia b) liver failure c) dehydration d) suicide - ANS d) suicide you are working with an older adult after an acute hospitalization. your goal is to help this person be more in touch with time, place, and person. what might you try a) reminiscence b) validation therapy c) reality orientation d) body image interventions - ANS c) reality orientation What are some ethical standards that nurses can utilize for interpersonal communications? Select all that apply.21 NR NR222 a) Communicate information accurately. b) Take a laissez-faire approach to minimize conflict. c) Change the subject when unsure of the correct answer. d) Be sensitive to sex and cultural context. e) Communicate verbal and nonverbal messages in a congruent manner - ANS a) Communicate information accurately. d) Be sensitive to sex and cultural context. e) Communicate verbal and nonverbal messages in a congruent manner. The nurse demonstrates empathy toward a crying mother whose baby was stillborn by stating: a) "I know exactly how you feel; that happened to me once." b) "You are young and will be able to have another baby." c) "It was God's will that your baby was taken to heaven with him." d) "Loss of a baby is truly a sad occurrence." - ANS d) "Loss of a baby is truly a sad occurrence." Health literacy is the capacity to read, comprehend, and follow through on health information and is a crucial component of health promotion. What are some of the techniques nurses can utilize to reduce low health literacy? Select all that apply. a) Communicate in a standing position to demonstrate authority. b) Create a safe and comfortable environment. c) Refer the client to websites for clarification of conditions and procedures. d) Establish eye contact during communication. e) Have the client teach back the information they have been provided to assess understanding. - ANS b) Create a safe and comfortable environment. d) Establish eye contact during communication. e) Have the client teach back the information they have been provided to assess understanding. Which question best assists the nurse who is helping a person to formulate the problem as a step in the problem-solving process? a) "What pattern is there?" b) "What do you want to see changed?" c) "What would you do the next time?" d) "What meaning does this have for you?" - ANS b) "What do you want to see changed?"22 NR NR222 A woman is scheduled for ambulation in the early morning of the first day after undergoing an abdominal hysterectomy. The nurse uses consensual validation of the individual's understanding of the plan of care by stating: a) "I will be back at 9 AM to take you on a walk." b) "The doctor wants you to walk one time this morning." c) "Tell me where you would like to walk this morning." d) "Walking soon after a surgical procedure prevents complications." - ANS c) "Tell me where you would like to walk this morning." Which of the following methods of communication are most appropriate for use with individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a language barrier? Select all that apply. a) Utilize written communication with someone who is deaf or hard of hearing. b) Untrained personnel or relatives are acceptable interpreters as long as they are fluent in the language. c) Nonverbal messages are universal. d) Touch is an acceptable form of communication with the blind. e) Braille is used in communication with the deaf and hard of hearing. - ANS a) Utilize written communication with someone who is deaf or hard of hearing. d) Touch is an acceptable form of communication with the blind. In health promotion, the nurse-person relationship is the context for care. Which of the following elements of communication are important considerations? Select all that apply. a) Health promotion requires sensitivity to the goals and values of the nurse and the care recipient's family. b) Helping a person adopt health-promoting behaviors is a matter of providing education. c) Successful health promotion involves interpersonal skills. d) Health promotion requires communication skills. e) Values clarification is an essential element of communication and health promotion. - ANS c) Successful health promotion involves interpersonal skills. d) Health promotion requires communication skills. e) Values clarification is an essential element of communication and health promotion. One concern that nurses have when using self-disclosure during therapeutic interactions is that: a) revealing oneself assists in developing a helping relationship.23 NR NR222 b) it may cross a boundary from a professional to a personal relationship. c) care recipients value nurses who engage in interactions as real people. d) it creates reciprocity involving a mutual exchange between the nurse and the care recipient. - ANS b) it may cross a boundary from a professional to a personal relationship. A nurse tells a childbirth education class consisting of pregnant women and their coaches that alcohol use poses serious risks to the fetus. After the class, one woman comments, "Do you really think that having a drink once in a while is bad for the baby? I'm sick of being told that I can't do things because of the baby." This is an example of: a) self-concept. b) bias. c) values clarification. d) empowering beliefs. - ANS c) values clarification. Effective nurse-patient communication would include which of the following? Select all that apply. a) Not being "too busy" to talk b) Focusing on the nurse's views c) Developing mutual understanding d) Emphasizing the technical aspects of care e) Using a conversational interviewing style f) Tuning in to the client's preferences and style - ANS a) Not being "too busy" to talk c) Developing mutual understanding e) Using a conversational interviewing style f) Tuning in to the client's preferences and style Which entities recommend that health practitioners within the United States use growth charts for children from birth to 24 months? Select all that apply. a) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention b) World Health Organization c) The Joint Commission d) Healthy People 2020 e) American Hospital Association - ANS a) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention b) World Health Organization24 NR NR222 Which theorist developed his ideas based on interviews that focused on hypothetical moral dilemmas? a) Gilligan b) Kohlberg c) Piaget d) Erikson - ANS b) Kohlberg During a health screening of Hispanic children for lead poisoning, the initial question the nurse should ask is: a) "How old is the house you are living in?" b) "Do you eat canned foods from the United States only?" c) "Are there any areas in your home where paint is chipping off?" d) "Do you use ceramic containers made outside the United States for cooking?" - ANS b) "Do you eat canned foods from the United States only?" The nurse is teaching a class to students of pediatric nursing on comparing the concepts of growth and development. Which statement most accurately represents these concepts? a) Growth patterns are qualitative changes. b) Growth is from the head to toe or cephalocaudal. c) Development reflects an increase in the number and size of cells. d) Development is a gradual change that includes advances in skills. - ANS d) Development is a gradual change that includes advances in skills. The process of gaining specific knowledge or skills that result from exposure, experience, education, and evaluation is known as: a) maturation. b) growth. c) development. d) learning. - ANS d) learning. Piaget's stage of cognitive development states that characteristics of the sensorimotor stage include: a) development of egocentric animistic and magical thinking. b) development of the concept of object permanence. c) consideration of others' points of view. d) thought dominated by senses. - ANS b) development of the concept of object Which theory of development asserts that learning precedes development? a) Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development25 NR NR222 b) Piaget's theory of cognitive development c) Erikson's theory of psychosocial development d) Kohlberg's theory of moral development - ANS a) Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development Erikson's theory of psychosocial development identifies the toddler stage as: a) trust vs mistrust. b) initiative vs guilt. c) industry vs inferiority. d) autonomy vs shame and doubt. - ANS d) autonomy vs shame and doubt. Which of the following statements accurately describe biological growth? Select all that apply. a) Expected growth patterns exist in infants and children. b) Growth is steady throughout life. c) Extremely rapid growth occurs in the prenatal, infancy, and adolescent periods. d) Slower rates of growth occur during the toddler, preschool, and schoolage periods. e) Infants typically double their birth weight by 6 months of age. - ANS c) Extremely rapid growth occurs in the prenatal, infancy, and adolescent periods. d) Slower rates of growth occur during the toddler, preschool, and schoolage periods. e) Infants typically double their birth weight by 6 months of age. Which of the following are goals of Gilligan's stages of moral development for women in the postconventional stage? Select all that apply. a) Agree upon rights b) Principle of nonviolence c) Justice d) Personal moral standards e) Do not hurt self or others - ANS b) Principle of nonviolence e) Do not hurt self or others The nurse initiates teaching about breastfeeding for new mothers while they are in the hospital. Which of the following statements reflects correct teachings or nursing actions? a) Supplemental water for the infant will prevent dehydration during hot weather.26 NR NR222 b) Offer a pacifier after each feeding to satisfy infant's sucking needs. c) Scheduled feedings every 2 to 4 hours is preferable to feeding on demand to be certain of adequate caloric intake. d) Help mother initiate breastfeeding within 30 minutes after birth. - ANS d) Help mother initiate breastfeeding within 30 minutes after birth. A new mother asks the nurse when the baby's anterior fontanel will close. The nurse explains that it will close at: a) 2 months. b) 6 months. c) 12 months. d) 18 months. - ANS d) 18 months. The nurse teaching a class to primiparas about risk factors associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Which of the following are risk factors associated with this disorder? Select all that apply. a) Prone sleeping position b) Soft bedding c) Large birth weight d) Bottle feeding e) More than 30 minutes per day of tummy time - ANS a) Prone sleeping position b) Soft bedding d) Bottle feeding During the 1-month well-baby visit, a pediatric nurse explains to the mother that she should expect to hear babbling in her infant by: a) 2 months. b) 4 months. c) 6 months. d) 9 months. - ANS c) 6 months. The nurse caring for the infant in the community setting observes for which of the following passive manifestations of abuse? Select all that apply. a) Poor nutrition b) Neglected visits to primary care providers c) Soft-tissue injuries d) Fractures in varying stages of healing e) Emotional neglect - ANS a) Poor nutrition27 NR NR222 b) Neglected visits to primary care providers e) Emotional neglect The nurse in the well-baby clinic informs the mother of a 6-month-old infant about introducing solid foods by instructing her to: a) feed the baby solids before the milk. b) make the baby's solid foods smooth and runny. c) introduce solid foods by adding it to the baby's formula bottle. d) mix a little honey in the fruit to stimulate the infant's taste buds. - ANS b) make the baby's solid foods smooth and runny. The nurse is teaching prenatal couples about the critical principles of attachment. Which of the following statements is correct about attachment? a) Attachment is crucial for optimal emotional but not physical development. b) Up to 10% of normal infants lack the ability to form attachment. c) The infant's behavior influences attachment. d) Maternal attachment is also known as engrossment. - ANS c) The infant's behavior influences attachment. The nurse suggests stimulating experiences for development of their infant to the parents of a 6-month-old infant. These experiences would include: a) singing lullabies to the baby. b) inviting another infant over to play. c) keeping the top of the crib free of hanging mobiles. d) providing a toy that emits animal sounds when the buttons are pushed. - ANS a) singing lullabies to the baby Which of the following techniques will help the infant succeed in the developmental task of trust vs mistrust? Select all that apply. a) Respond to the infant in a consistent manner. b) Allow the infant to cry to avoid spoiling the child. c) Respond to the infant in a prompt manner. d) Short periods of hunger fosters self-reliance when the child grows older. e) Provide the infant with predictable and organized routines. - ANS a) Respond to the infant in a consistent manner. c) Respond to the infant in a prompt manner. e) Provide the infant with predictable and organized routines.28 NR NR222 The time during which infants develop the coordination to master activities which allow them to interact with the environment is known as the: a) reflexive period. b) psychosocial period. c) sensorimotor period. d) immunological period. - ANS c) sensorimotor period. According to Erikson, what is the developmental task of toddlers? a) Doubt b) Shame c) Autonomy d) Preoperational - ANS c) Autonomy Nurses caring for the toddler population instruct parents that one of the leading causes of visits to health care providers is: a) amblyopia. b) otitis media. c) burns. d) neglect. - ANS b) otitis media. The nurse assessing a 24-month-old toddler expects expressive language to include: a) repeats 2 digits from memory. b) jargon and echolalia are predominately used. c) talks in word phrases, and 2 to 3 word sentences. d) average sentence length is approximately 2½ words. - ANS c) talks in word phrases, and 2 to 3 word sentences. The nurse offers interventions to parents to enhance toddlers' nutritional pattern by telling the parents to: Select all that apply. a) avoid foods that may cause choking. b) serve the toddlers' favorite foods when he or she refuses to eat. c) send the toddler to bed if he or she does not want to eat. d) do not use food to bribe, reward, or punish the toddler. e) serve small portions, and let the toddler ask for more. f) serve single foods as mixtures of foods. - ANS a) avoid foods that may cause choking. d) do not use food to bribe, reward, or punish the toddler. e) serve small portions, and let the toddler ask for more.29 NR NR222 Which physical growth and development change in toddlers places them at risk for airway obstruction? a) The diameter of the upper respiratory tract is small. b) The respiratory rate decreases to 25 breaths per minute. c) All 20 primary or deciduous teeth erupt be the end of toddlerhood. d) The swallowing pattern using the tongue is fully developed. - ANS a) The diameter of the upper respiratory tract is small. When the nurse is assessing a toddler for signs of child abuse, observations of parental behavior may include: a) difficulty leaving the child. b) parental delays in seeking help. c) spontaneous reporting of the details of the injury. d) parental questions about progress and discharge. - ANS b) parental delays in seeking help. Which of the following physical changes are expected during the toddler years? Select all that apply. a) Growth in height of 4 to 6 inches per year b) Weight gain of 4 to 6 pounds per year c) Urine specific gravity lower than that of an adult d) Bowel control generally occurs before urinary control e) Increase in heart rate because of increase in size - ANS b) Weight gain of 4 to 6 pounds per year d) Bowel control generally occurs before urinary control The nurse is teaching a group of mothers about toddlers and their play activities by explaining that toddlers: a) participate in parallel play. b) demonstrate skill in sharing and cooperative play. c) enjoy playing together with a group of toddlers. d) learn best with intensive drill during play. - ANS a) participate in parallel play. Which statement, if made by a parent after attending a teaching session on initiating a toilet training program for toddlers, indicates a need for further teaching? a) "I take my child to the potty after a meal." b) "I offer praise when my child uses the potty."30 NR NR222 c) "I require my child to sit on the potty until she goes." d) "I have given my child underpants as a reward for using the potty." - ANS c) "I require my child to sit on the potty until she goes." The nurse, presenting a class on strategies to prevent drowning in toddlers, instructs parents to: a) teach their toddler how to swim. b) place the toddler in the tub with 1 or 2 inches of water. c) make sure pails of water are less than ½ full. d) use personal flotation devices on the toddler when boating. - ANS d) use personal flotation devices on the toddler when boating. The nurse is teaching parents about typical sleep disturbances of the preschooler. Which recommendation would the nurse make to the parents? a) Bedtime rituals of 1 hour or more should decrease sleep disturbances. b) Nighttime wakening, frequently seen in toddlers, is uncommon in preschool years. c) Parents should help the child differentiate between "pretend" and "real" occurrences. d) When the child has night wakening events, reassurance occurs when the child is taken to the parent's bed. - ANS c) Parents should help the child differentiate between "pretend" and "real" occurrences. The preoperative stage of thinking is displayed by the child as: a) transductive reasoning. b) the trait of irreversibility. c) understanding the perspectives of others. d) an ability to consider more than one factor when solving simple problems. - ANS a) transductive reasoning. The nurse is teaching parents about strategies concerning injury prevention for preschoolers. Instructions for parents would include which of the following? Select all that apply. a) Dress child only in flame-retardant clothing b) Administer ipecac syrup immediately in event of any poison ingestion. c) Use heat mist humidifier on sturdy tables. d) Practice emergency escape plan from the home. e) Obtain training in CPR and abdominal thrusts. - ANS a) Dress child only in flame-retardant clothing d) Practice emergency escape plan from the home.31 NR NR222 e) Obtain training in CPR and abdominal thrusts. The school nurse assesses preschoolers for genetic conditions such as: a) Down syndrome. b) congenital hypothyroidism. c) sickle cell disease. d) Duchenne muscular dystrophy. - ANS d) Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The hallmark of the first substage of Piaget's preoperational stage is the ability of the preschooler to function using: a) abstract thinking. b) concrete thinking. c) auditory cues. d) language. - ANS d) language. Which of the following physical activities are most appropriate for the preschool age group? Select all that apply. a) Ring around the Rosy b) Watching television c) Electronic video games d) Tee ball (nonpitching vs of softball) e) Paintball - ANS a) Ring around the Rosy d) Tee ball (nonpitching vs of softball) When evaluating the health perception of a preschooler, the nurse understands that this age-group views pain or illness as: a) punishment. b) separation anxiety. c) a result of their actions. d) painful regardless of the intervention. - ANS a) punishment. The nurse assesses the preschooler's coping mechanisms as being developmentally appropriate through observation of: a) temper tantrums. b) fantasy play. c) separation anxiety. d) flexible bedtime rituals. - ANS b) fantasy play. Which play activity would the nurse plan for a 4-year-old girl 2 days after undergoing an appendectomy?32 NR NR222 a) Playing a game of Monopoly b) Dressing up in a Cinderella gown c) Participating in a game of hopscotch d) Drawing pictures of her mother and father - ANS d) Drawing pictures of her mother and father The nurse working with the preschool age group educates parents about which of the following nutritional guidelines? Select all that apply. a) Preschool children should eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. b) Children aged 3 to 5 should receive 1000 to 1200 calories per day. c) Preschool children should consume approximately half of their diet in carbohydrates. d) Fat requirements in preschool children are higher than those for older children. e) Cholesterol is not an issue at for this age group. - ANS a) Preschool children should eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. c) Preschool children should consume approximately half of their diet in carbohydrates. d) Fat requirements in preschool children are higher than those for older children. Parents of a 7-year-old boy request a discussion with the school nurse on how they can resolve the child's nighttime enuresis. The nurse advises that nighttime enuresis: a) is an intentional act with a psychological basis. b) should have consequences to eliminate the behavior. c) is often treated with fluid restriction. d) treatment might include an alarm and waking schedules. - ANS d) treatment might include an alarm and waking schedules. The most common childhood school-age cancer is: a) retinoblastoma. b) neuroblastoma. c) Wilms' tumor. d) leukemia. - ANS d) leukemia. The school nurse teaches which of the following dietary guidelines to the parents of children and adolescents? Select all that apply.33 NR NR222 a) Children should consume at least 3 cups of fruits and vegetables per day. b) Children require 4 cups of whole milk products per day. c) Children should consume 5 ounces of steak daily. d) Children should consume 5 ounces of lean meat or beans each day. e) Children and adolescents should consume 4 to 6 ounces of grains each day. - ANS a) Children should consume at least 3 cups of fruits and vegetables per day. d) Children should consume 5 ounces of lean meat or beans each day. e) Children and adolescents should consume 4 to 6 ounces of grains each day. The nurse is teaching the parents of 8- and 9 year-old children about safe bicycling. The nurse emphasizes the principles of transportation safety, to include which of the following? a) Riding on the side of the road traveling opposite to the traffic b) Observing rules for pedestrians vs vehicular traffic c) Wearing an approved helmet when bicycling d) Encouraging a backpack for carrying objects to promote back and shoulder strength. - ANS c) Wearing an approved helmet when bicycling The nurse assessing conventional level moral development in 12-year-old children would expect to see which behaviors? a) The child looks to others for approval. b) The child views behavior as completely right or wrong. c) The child behaves because there is a fear of punishment. d) The child's moral development is characterized by self-interest. - ANS a) The child looks to others for approval. Parents and caregivers who teach and model health-promotion concepts to school-age children can expect which of the following behaviors? Select all that apply. a) Children who develop good personal hygiene and dental care b) Children who become passive health care consumers c) Children who obey authority figures and do as they are told d) Children who make a link between behavior and improved health e) Children who develop health values as part of education - ANS a) Children who develop good personal hygiene and dental care d) Children who make a link between behavior and improved health e) Children who develop health values as part of education34 NR NR222 The nurse discusses discipline for school-age children with a group of parents at a parent-teacher association meeting. Principles include: Select all that apply. a) focusing on the misbehavior in an attempt to eliminate it. b) using distraction or substitution to avoid a problem situation. c) ignoring the child's whining after a decision has been made. d) using humor to decreases the intensity of the situation. e) modeling appropriate behavior. f) setting age-relevant limits. - ANS b) using distraction or substitution to avoid a problem situation. d) using humor to decreases the intensity of the situation. e) modeling appropriate behavior. f) setting age-relevant limits. According to Piaget, which of the following operations are displayed as the child begins to add flexibility and control to their thinking? a) Formal b) Concrete c) Abstract d) Egocentric - ANS b) Concrete The school nurse is developing an information pamphlet on prevention of obesity in school-age children. Interventions stated on the pamphlet would include which of the following? a) Encourage child to participate in food preparation. b) Eating permitted in front of television but only for educational programs. c) Serve healthy food at breakfast and dinner; child is unrestricted for lunch. d) Reward the child with fast food but only for school achievement. e) All of the above. - ANS a) Encourage child to participate in food preparation. The parents of a school-age child report that their 9-year-old son walks in his sleep almost every night. The school nurse includes which of the following elements of education? Select all that apply. a) Sleep disturbances are more common in the preschool and school-age years. b) Sleep disturbances occur most often in the first 1 to 2 hours after going to sleep. c) Girls are more prone to sleep disturbances than boys.35 NR NR222 d) Problems may be influenced by fatigue and stress within the child. e) Sleep disturbances are usually related to respiratory problems. - ANS a) Sleep disturbances are more common in the preschool and school-age years. b) Sleep disturbances occur most often in the first 1 to 2 hours after going to sleep. d) Problems may be influenced by fatigue and stress within the child. The nurse assesses the cognitive abilities of the adolescent according to Piaget's stage of formal operations as: a) accepting family beliefs and values. b) developing extrovert behaviors. c) having an intolerance of things as they are. d) recognizing the importance of putting others' needs ahead of one's own. - ANS c) having an intolerance of things as they are. The nurse is assessing a 12-year-old female with an admission diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. The data collected that support this diagnosis should include: Select all that apply. a) binge eating followed by purging. b) compulsive physical activity. c) eating an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat. d) preoccupation with food. e) self-starvation with significant weight loss. - ANS a) binge eating followed by purging. d) preoccupation with food. e) self-starvation with significant weight loss. Research has documented what symptom one of the strongest predictors of adolescent obesity? a) Depression b) Excessive TV watching c) Lack of physical activity d) Meal skipping - ANS a) Depression The nurse provides educational information to a group of adolescents on decreasing the incidence of acne. Information presented includes which of the following? a) "Decrease chocolate intake in your diet." b) "Expose your face to sunlight at least 2 hours per day."36 NR NR222 c) "Remove all pustules and papules with special instruments." d) "Wash your face with soap and water 2 times per day." - ANS d) "Wash your face with soap and water 2 times per day." To facilitate the adolescent's need for controlling behaviors, the nurse implements an intervention that: a) asks the adolescent how he or she would like to handle the situation. b) consults with the parents regarding the adolescent's health care needs. c) gives specific, detailed instructions in writing. d) partners with the adolescent to develop a plan. - ANS d) partners with the adolescent to develop a plan. The nurse emphasizes warning signs of suicidal risks in adolescents during a health-education class. These signs include: Select all that apply. a) difficulty concentrating. b) increased accidents. c) hyperactivity. d) lethargy. e) sleep disorders. - ANS a) difficulty concentrating. b) increased accidents. e) sleep disorders. The nurse facilitates the adolescent's self-perception-self-concept development by: a) complementing the adolescent for what is accomplished. b) developing a plan for the adolescent's future growth. c) encouraging the adolescent to join in group activities. d) praising the adolescent for who he or she is. - ANS d) praising the adolescent for who he or she is. Which of the following diseases has recently increased among adolescents and subsequently resulted in a recommendation for routine administration of a preventive vaccine to adolescents? a) Hepatitis B b) Haemophilus influenzae c) Meningococcal disease d) Measles - ANS c) Meningococcal disease Which of the following statements is correct concerning scoliosis? a) It is more common in adolescent boys than girls.37 NR NR222 b) It involves excessive lordotic curvature to the spine. c) There are conflicting recommendations for screening. d) Curves greater than 12 degrees are abnormal and can progress during growth spurt. - ANS c) There are conflicting recommendations for screening. The nurse is preparing an educational activity for adolescents. The primary reason that emphasis is placed on teaching testicular self-examination is because: a) adolescents are naturally interested in their developing bodies. b) baseline assessment data is necessary for comparison in the future. c) rapid anatomical changes are occurring in the testes. d) testicular cancer is the number one cancer in the adolescent male. - ANS d) testicular cancer is the number one cancer in the adolescent male. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the young adult is in the stage of formal operational thought and demonstrates abilities to: a) analyze concepts. b) manipulate concrete objects. c) participate in cooperative interactions. d) perceive specific examples. - ANS a) analyze concepts. Emphasis on disease prevention for the young adult, after age 25, is on modifying risk factors related to: a) coronary artery disease. b) cirrhosis of the liver. c) cervical cancer. d) colon cancer. - ANS a) coronary artery disease. What are the current recommendations of the US Preventive Services Task Force concerning breast cancer? a) Screening mammograms beginning at age 30 b) Recommends against teaching breast self-examination c) Breast ultrasound screening beginning at age 35 d) Mammogram every 2 years if on birth control pills from age 35 - ANS b) Recommends against teaching breast self-examination Nurses caring for the young adult population maintain awareness about screening for hypertension. Which of the following statements are true about hypertension in young adults? Select all that apply.38 NR NR222 a) The Mexican American population has the lowest percentage of individuals with high blood pressure. b) African Americans have the highest rates of high blood pressure. c) Health insurance has a direct correlation with hypertension control. d) Adopting healthy behaviors after being diagnosed with hypertension will not reduce the incidence. e) The prevalence of treatment and control of hypertension is lowest in young adults. c - ANS a) The Mexican American population has the lowest percentage of individuals with high blood pressure. b) African Americans have the highest rates of high blood pressure. e) The prevalence of treatment and control of hypertension is lowest in young adults. A target goal of Healthy People 2020 is to reduce the incidence of hepatitis C. The nurse focuses on individuals most at risk, which includes persons with: a) hepatitis A. b) Epstein-Barr virus. c) human papilloma virus. d) chronic renal disease on hemodialysis. -