Probiotics MCB6424 Exam 2|Brand new Expert Exam Questions with 100% Clear Correct Answers|All Graded A+|Latest Premium Update()|100% Guaranteed Success.

Probiotics MCB6424 Exam 2|Brand new Expert Exam Questions with 100% Clear Correct Answers|All Graded A+|Latest Premium Update()|100% Guaranteed Success. Immunity - ANSWER The general ability of a host to resist a particular disease/infection Immunology - ANSWER The science concerned with immune responses Nonspecific immune response - ANSWER Innate; the first line of defense that offers resistance to any foreign material; has no memory Specific immune response - ANSWER Acquired/adaptive; offers resistance to a specific antigen; has a memory that will cause second exposure to be dealt with more quickly/effectively Antigen - ANSWER A foreign substance that evokes an immune response; an ANTIbody GENerator Hematopoiesis - ANSWER The development of WBCs in the bone marrow; all WBCs that mature in the bone marrow join the innate immune system while all WBCs that mature outside of the bone marrow join the adaptive immune system Erythrocytes - ANSWER The most abundant cell found in the blood (RBC) leukocytes - ANSWER white blood cells; arise from pluripotent stem cells (granulocyte and agranulocytes) Neutrophils - ANSWER The most abundant WBC (60%); highly phagocytic, circulate in blood, (use lytic enzymes and reactive oxygen metabolites from granules to kill ingested pathogens) Lymphocytes - ANSWER 30% of WBCs; differentiate into T-cells, B-cells, and NK cells Monocytes - ANSWER 6% of WBCs; phagocytic; after 8 hours of circulation, mature into macrophages upon arrival to specific tissues Macrophages - ANSWER WBCs that reside in specific tissues and have variety of surface receptors Eosinophils - ANSWER 3% of WBCs; are important in fighting parasitic infections Basophils - ANSWER 1% of WBCs; are important in inflammation Dendritic cells - ANSWER Present in small numbers as "guards" of the immune system all over the body; contact/phagocytose/ processes antigens (antigen presentation) APCs - ANSWER antigen presenting cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells) B-cells - ANSWER Mature in the bone marrow; differentiate into plasma cells (which produce antibodies) or memory cells upon activation by an antigen T-cells - ANSWER Mature in the thymus; differentiate into helper T-cells, CTLs, or memory cells upon activation by an antigen; produce cytokines Natural killer cells - ANSWER Non-phagocytic granular lymphocytes; kill any cell that does not have a normal MHC-I receptor; can bind to antibodies and lyse pathogens via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxity (ADCC) Thymus and bone marrow - ANSWER Primary lymphoid organs; places where lymphocytes mature and differentiate Lymph nodes and spleen - ANSWER Secondary lymphoid organs; places where lymphocytes may encounter/bind to antigens; interface btw innate and acquired immunity phagocytosis - ANSWER ingestion of extracellular microbes by phagocytic cells (opsonic/ non-opsonic) Non-opsonic (opsonin-independent) - ANSWER The type of phagocytosis in which phagocytes bind to various parts of a pathogen (PAMPs by PRR, RGD by receptor, lectin from flagella by carbohydrate interactions) Opsonic (opsonin-dependent) - ANSWER The type of phagocytosis in which phagocytes directly bind to opsonins coating a pathogen, making it easier to ingest True - ANSWER T/F: PAMPs/MAMPs are unique to microbes and are not found in the host Toll-like receptors (TLRs) - ANSWER A PRR that binds to unique PAMPs of bacteria/viruses -- signal transduction pathway to host nucleus to activate transcription factors