Waarnemen en bewegen HC 5: perceiving objects and scenes
- We need to go beyond the pattern of illumination that a scene creates on the retina to
determine what is ‘’out there’’
- One of the problems facing many of the current computer programs is that even though they
may be able to identify some objects, they often make errors a human would never make
Dia 10; rechts: distale stimulus, links: proximale stimulus
- The stimulus on the receptors is ambiguous (kan meerdere
kanten op, meerdere opties) bij proximale stimulus
- Objects that create the same image on the retina
- Probleem is image on retina, dat plaatje kan alle drie zijn
(ambigu)
Inverse projection problem: the task of determining the object responsible for a particual
image on the retina, je projecteert een plaatje op de retina maar moet hem eigenlijk
terug projecteren
The visual system solves this problem, dit is makkelijk voor mensen maar niet voor
computers
- Als je op een specifieke plek gaat staan kan je gefopt worden: illusies
- Object can be hidden or blurred: wij zien ze toch
- Viewpoint invarience: objects look different from different viewpoint: van andere oriëntaties
kunnen we bijv bank nog herkennen
Perceptual organization
- Perceptual organization: the process by which elements in the environment become
perceptually grouped to create our perception of objects. This process involves two
components: segregation and grouping.
- Segregation: the process of separating one area or object from the other, the building
on the right is in front of the one on the left. The two buildings are separated from
one another, with a border between them
- Grouping: everything in the white areas belons to one object (the building)
- Gestalttheorie: zet zich af tegen structuralisme: perceptie is opgebouwd uit allerlei
sensaties.
- Perceptie: samenbundelen tot een percept: iets wat je kunt waarnemen
- Structuralism: distinguished between sensations (elementary processes that occur in
response to stimulation of the senses) and perception (more complex conscious
experiences such as our awareness of objects
- Sensation + past experience (knowledge) = perception
- Apparent movement: diagrams the principle behind the illusion of movement created by the
stroboscope
- Principles of perceptual organization: determine how elements in a scene become grouped
together
- Principle of good continuation: points that, when connected, result in straight or smoothly
curving lines are seen as belonging together, and the lines tend to be seen in such a way as
to follow the smoother path. 2 doorlopende lijnen, niet 2 hoekjes
- Principle of continuation/principle of good figure/principle of simplicity: every stimulus
pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible
- Principle of similarity: similar things appear to be grouped together
- We need to go beyond the pattern of illumination that a scene creates on the retina to
determine what is ‘’out there’’
- One of the problems facing many of the current computer programs is that even though they
may be able to identify some objects, they often make errors a human would never make
Dia 10; rechts: distale stimulus, links: proximale stimulus
- The stimulus on the receptors is ambiguous (kan meerdere
kanten op, meerdere opties) bij proximale stimulus
- Objects that create the same image on the retina
- Probleem is image on retina, dat plaatje kan alle drie zijn
(ambigu)
Inverse projection problem: the task of determining the object responsible for a particual
image on the retina, je projecteert een plaatje op de retina maar moet hem eigenlijk
terug projecteren
The visual system solves this problem, dit is makkelijk voor mensen maar niet voor
computers
- Als je op een specifieke plek gaat staan kan je gefopt worden: illusies
- Object can be hidden or blurred: wij zien ze toch
- Viewpoint invarience: objects look different from different viewpoint: van andere oriëntaties
kunnen we bijv bank nog herkennen
Perceptual organization
- Perceptual organization: the process by which elements in the environment become
perceptually grouped to create our perception of objects. This process involves two
components: segregation and grouping.
- Segregation: the process of separating one area or object from the other, the building
on the right is in front of the one on the left. The two buildings are separated from
one another, with a border between them
- Grouping: everything in the white areas belons to one object (the building)
- Gestalttheorie: zet zich af tegen structuralisme: perceptie is opgebouwd uit allerlei
sensaties.
- Perceptie: samenbundelen tot een percept: iets wat je kunt waarnemen
- Structuralism: distinguished between sensations (elementary processes that occur in
response to stimulation of the senses) and perception (more complex conscious
experiences such as our awareness of objects
- Sensation + past experience (knowledge) = perception
- Apparent movement: diagrams the principle behind the illusion of movement created by the
stroboscope
- Principles of perceptual organization: determine how elements in a scene become grouped
together
- Principle of good continuation: points that, when connected, result in straight or smoothly
curving lines are seen as belonging together, and the lines tend to be seen in such a way as
to follow the smoother path. 2 doorlopende lijnen, niet 2 hoekjes
- Principle of continuation/principle of good figure/principle of simplicity: every stimulus
pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible
- Principle of similarity: similar things appear to be grouped together
