EMT Operations Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

EMT Operations Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct Describe the steps of the primary assessment including treatment that would need to be taken. p 323- - ANSWER Primary goal: to identify and begin treatment of immediate or imminent life threats. During primary you must identify signs of life threats and immediately work to correct them. You must form a general impression first (age, sex, level of distress). Then you must assess the level of consciousness (unconscious, conscious w/ altered LOC, Conscious w/ unaltered LOC). Then you must identify and treat life threats as well as assessing the airway, breathing, and circulation. Afterwards, we would determine priority of patient care and transport List the order of operations when arriving on the scene and assessing a patient. 323, flow chart - ANSWER Scene size up P - personal partner, bystanders, patient safety (PPE, helmet, jacket, gloves, etc) E - environmental hazards (fire, snow, etc) N - number of patients (mass casualty incident (MCI), car/plane crashes) M - mechanism of injury or nature of illness (broken bones/fever,overdose) A - additional resources if needed (fire-fire, electric-power dep., violence-police) N - need for spinal motion restrictions (car accident/pt. Cant walk) General impression: rapid identification of potentially life-threatening problems Level of consciousness: AVPU- awake & alert, responsive to verbal stimuli, responsive to painful stimuli, unresponsive. Oriented to time, place, self, & event (person, place, time, event) A/Ox4 = alert and oriented Chief complaint - the most serious thing the pt is concerned about and the reason EMS was called Primary assessment (life threatening or not) Airway Open and patent (obstructions: vomit, tongue, objects) Breathing Rate (fast, slow, normal), rhythm (regular, irregular), quality (unlabored, labored) Auscultate lung sounds Circulation Pulse - rate (fast, slow, normal), rhythm (regular, irregular), quality (strong, weak) Skin parameters - color, temperature, moisture. Desire to transport: Land and go (if life threatening) Stay and play (if non-life threatening) History taking (current medications that are taking/what resulted to injury/illness) Secondary assessment Signs / Symptoms Signs are what you hear, feel, see, and smell. Symptoms are what the patients tell you or another person tells you. Pulse - rate, rhythm, quality (irregular 1 min, regular 30 secs) Respirations - rate, rhythm Blood pressure - Eyes - equal, round, reactive to light, PERRL Lung sounds - clear & equal Level of consciousness Oxygen saturation: 94 - 99% lots of reasons, Blood sugar 80-100mg/dl Re-assessment Stable- reassess every 15 mins Unstable- reassess every 5 mins. Describe the proper technique for lifting and moving a patient. - ANSWER Never do it in a rush or unsafe manner because it can make the patient worse or injure myself. Always lift with your back straight upright position and lift without twisting. Always face patient feet in the same direction. Change direction of feet after lifting rather than shifting waist side to side. Feet 15 inches apart bend legs to reach the patient and lift by straightening your legs and curl arms up to waist height. List the criteria for a rapid extrication of a patient. - ANSWER Patients with an altered LOC, inadequate ventilation or shock (hypoperfusion), extreme weather, patient sitting in car. You use rapid extrication when vehicle or scene is unsafe, explosives/ hazardous material on scene, fire or danger of, can't assess a patient, need intervention that requires supine, life threatening conditions, patient blocks access to another patient. Describe the process for making patient contact when the patient is in a vehicle and the doors cannot be opened. - ANSWER Wait to make sure any hazardous materials aren't present and the scene is safe. If the doors cannot open, wait for the rescue team to jam open the doors for you to access the patient as it is their responsibility to do so. Explain the proper place to dispose of sharps. page 47 - ANSWER Do Not recap, break, or bend needles. Dispose of all sharp items that might have been in contact with human secretions in approved, closed, rigid containers List the types of restraints and the proper use of them when providing patient care. - ANSWER Forcible restraint is sometimes necessary when you are confronted with a patient who is in need of medical treatment and transportation but is combative and presents a significant physical risk of danger to himself, rescuers, or others. Such behavior may result from an underlying psychiatric or behavioral condition, the effects of drugs, or a medical condition such as a head injury or hypoxia. Physically preventing such people from initiation any physical action is legally permissible and may be required before emergency care can be rendered. Typically, you should consult medical control for authorization to restrain or contact law enforcement personnel who have the authority to restrain people. In some states, only a police officer may forcibly restrain an individual. You should be knowledgeable about local laws. Restraint without legal authority exposes you to potential civil and criminal penalties. Restraint may be used only in circumstances of risk to the patient or others. When a patient is combative and poses a risk to the rescuer, it is advisable to wait for law enforcement to arrive on scene before attempting to treat the patient Triangle bandages, roller gauze, commercially available disposable restraints or leather restraints. Applied to the patient in supine position one hand by the side other above the head to not permit the patient from breaking free. Restraint patient to backboard or stretcher List the criteria for not providing any interventions or CPR in a patient. - ANSWER If a pt has definitive signs of death: obvious mortal damage (i.e. decapitation), dependent lividity(blood settling to the lowest point of the body, causing discoloration of the skin), rigor mortis(the stiffening of body muscles caused by chemical changes within muscle tissue. Develops in the face & jaw, gradually extending downward until body is in full rigor. Rate of onset depends on body's ability to lose heat to its surroundings. Rate of heat loss is faster in a thin body than a fat body. Body on a tile floor looses heat faster than a body wrapped in a blanket. Rigor mortis occurs between 2-12 hours after death), Putrefaction(decomposition of body tissues, depending on body temp it may take between 40-96 hours after death) If a pt has a DNR order If the scene is unsafe Define a Do Not Resuscitate Order, who might have one, and how it impacts the care provided by an EMT. - ANSWER DNR: written documentation by a physician giving permission to medical personnel not to attempt resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest People who are in hospice (patient in a terminal stage of an incurable disease) As EMT's we should not resuscitate pt if they are in cardiac arrest, but if the pt is still alive, we should still treat the pt (oxygen delivery, pain relief, comfort, basic airway, breathing, and circulatory support, but NO cardiopulmonary resuscitation) Describe when an EMT would not follow the direction provided by a Do Not Resuscitate Order. - ANSWER If the DNR order is expired, the morally correct action to take is to resuscitate the pt There may be a situation where the pt's family want you to resuscitate the pt and medical control may order you to initiate care based on the family's request. DNR orders must meet the following requirements: Clear statement of pt's medical problem Signature of pt, or pt's legal guardian