EMT Test Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

EMT Test Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct? A. Blood that returns to the lungs from the body has low levels of carbon dioxide. B. The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the capillaries. C. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries. D. The oxygen content in the alveoli is highest during the exhalation phase. - ANSWER C. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct? A. Oxygen is flammable and may explode if under high pressure. B. Oxygen is most safely administered in an enclosed environment. C. Oxygen cylinders must always remain in an upright position. D. Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire. - ANSWER D. Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway? A. Pharynx B. Larynx C. Oropharynx D. Bronchus - ANSWER D. Bronchus You are performing mouth-to-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving? A. 55% B. 65% C. 45% D. 75% - ANSWER A. 55% You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should: A. ventilate with less pressure. B. thoroughly suction the stoma. C. seal the mouth and nose. D. thrust the jaw forward. - ANSWER C. seal the mouth and nose You attempt to ventilate the patient with a BVM and notice resistance. The chest does not rise during your ventilation. What should you do? A. Reposition the airway by hyperextending the head to allow for better anatomic position, then attempt to ventilate. B. Assume there is a foreign body airway obstruction and immediately begin chest compressions. C. Assume there is a foreign body airway obstruction and provide forceful ventilations. D. Reposition the airway by bringing the head back to a neutral position, then reopen the airway and attempt to ventilate. - ANSWER D. Reposition the airway by bringing the head back to a neutral position, then reopen the airway and attempt to ventilate. Which of the following indicates that your artificial ventilations are inadequate? A. Minimal or no chest rise and fall B. Increased levels on pulse oximetry C. Heart rate returning to normal range D. Warm, pink skin - ANSWER A. Minimal or no chest rise and fall How can gastric distention be prevented when performing artificial ventilations? A. Provide rapid, forceful breaths during artificial ventilation over 1 second. B. Provide slow, gentle breaths during artificial ventilation over 1 second. C. Provide rapid, forceful breaths during artificial ventilation over 3 seconds. D. Provide slow, gentle breaths during artificial ventilation over 3 seconds. - ANSWER B. Provide slow, gentle breaths during artificial ventilation over 1 second. Which of the following is contraindicated in a patient who has sustained a head injury? A. Insertion of an oral airway B. Jaw-thrust maneuver C. Mouth-to-mask ventilation D. Insertion of a nasal airway - ANSWER D. Insertion of a nasal airway While you are performing artificial ventilations on this patient, he vomits. What should you do? A. Roll the patient onto his side to allow for drainage of emesis. B. Continue ventilations with increased force to prevent aspiration. C. Immediately stop ventilations and begin chest compressions. D. Stop ventilations and wait for advanced life support to arrive. - ANSWER A. Roll the patient onto his side to allow for drainage of emesis. Your partner applies a pulse oximeter to the patient. While ventilating, you note adequate chest rise and fall and improved skin color; however, the oxygen saturation reads 88%. Which of the following is a potential cause of an inaccurate pulse oximetry reading? A. Hypertension B. Peripheral vasoconstriction C. Jaundice D. Diabetes - ANSWER B. Peripheral vasoconstriction Explain the effects of hypoxia on cellular metabolism. - ANSWER Oxygen is exchanged with carbon dioxide at the cellular level. In the presence of oxygen, cells convert glucose to energy through a process known as aerobic metabolism. The byproducts of this process are energy, water, and carbon dioxide. When cells attempt to convert glucose into energy without oxygen, less energy, lactic acid, and toxins accumulate in the cells. This process, anaerobic metabolism, does not meet the metabolic demands of the cell. The accumulation of lactic acid and toxins will eventually lead to cellular death if not corrected. You are providing artificial ventilations to your patient with a BVM attached to oxygen. What is the difference between ventilation and oxygenation? - ANSWER Ventilation is the physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs. The process of oxygenation occurs at the cellular level and is not involved in the physical act of moving air. In oxygenation, oxygen molecules are loaded onto hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream. While en route to the hospital, the patient begins shallow breathing at a rate of 6 breaths/min. He remains unresponsive. What should you do? - ANSWER You should provide assisted ventilations with a bag-mask device connected to oxygen. Even though this patient is breathing spontaneously, shallow respirations at a rate of 6 breaths per minute is not enough ventilation to provide adequate oxygenation to meet the needs of the body. Without assisted ventilations, it is likely the patient's hypoxia will get worse, leading to poor tissue perfusion resulting in anaerobic metabolism and tissue damage. You and your partner arrive at a local restaurant where you find an unresponsive 62year-old man lying on the floor. Witnesses report the patient collapsed to the ground without any warning. You perform a primary assessment and note the patient has a carotid pulse, but is unresponsive and not breathing. He appears cyanotic and there are no signs of traumatic injury. What is the first intervention that should take place?