,Chapter 01: Introduction to Preliminary Diagnosis of Oral Lesions Ibsen:
g g g g g g g g g
Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition
g g g g g g g g
MULTIPLE CHOICE g
1. Which descriptive term is described as a segment that is part of the whole?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
a. Bulla
b. Vesicle
c. Lobule
d. Pustule
ANS: C g
A lobule is described as a segment or lobe that is part of a whole. A bulla is a large, elevated lesion
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
that contains serous fluid and may look like a blister. A vesicle is a small, elevated lesion that
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
contains serous fluid. Pustules are circumscribed elevations containing pus.
g g g g g g g g g
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1
g g g g g g g g OBJ: g g 1
2. A lesion with a sessile base is described as
g g g g g g g g
a. an ulcer. g
b. stemlike.
c. pedunculated.
d. flat and broad. g g
ANS: D g
Sessile describes the base of a lesion that is flat and broad. An ulcer is a break in the surface
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
epithelium. A stemlike lesion is referred to as pedunculated. A pedunculated lesion is stemlike or
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
stalk-based (similar to a mushroom).
g g g g g
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical Appearance of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1
g g g g g g g g g
OBJ: 1
g g
3. Which condition is not diagnosed through clinical appearance?
g g g g g g g
a. Mandibular tori g
b. Fordyce granules g
c. Black hairy tongue g g
d. Compound odontoma g
ANS: D g
The compound odontoma is initially identified radiographically as a radiopaque area in which
g g g g g g g g g g g g
tooth structure can be identified. No clinical component exists. Mandibular tori are identified
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
clinically as areas of exostosis on the lingual aspects of mandibular premolars. Fordyce
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
granules are yellow clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands diagnosed through clinical
g g g g g g g g g g g
appearance. Black hairy tongue is diagnosed clinically. The filiform papillae on the dorsal
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
tongue elongate and become brown or black. Causes include tobacco, alcohol, hydrogen
g g g g g g g g g g g g
peroxide, chemical rinses, antibiotics, and antacids.
g g g g g g
REF: g Radiographic Diagnosis, page 9 g g g OBJ: g g 3
4. Another name for geographic tongue is
g g g g g
, a. median rhomboid glossitis. g g
b. benign migratory glossitis. g g
c. fissured tongue. g
d. black hairy tongue. g g
ANS: B g
Benign migratory glossitis is another name for geographic tongue. Research suggests that
g g g g g g g g g g g
median rhomboid glossitis is associated with a chronic fungal infection from Candida albicans.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
Sometimes the condition resolves with antifungal therapy. Fissured tongue is seen in 5% of the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
population. It is a variant of normal. Genetic factors are typically associated with the condition.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
Black hairy tongue is caused by a reaction to chemicals, tobacco, hydrogen peroxide, or
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
antacids. The filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue become elongated and are dark brown to
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
black.
g
REF: Geographic Tongue, page 24
g g g g OBJ: g g 7
5. This bony hard structure in the midline of the hard palate is genetic in origin and inherited in an
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
autosomal dominant manner. The diagnosis is made through clinical appearance. Which
g g g g g g g g g g g
condition is suspected?
g g g
a. Palatal cyst g
b. Torus palatinus g
c. Mixed tumor g
d. Ranula
ANS: B g
A torus palatinus is developmental and bony hard and is found on the midline of the palate.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical appearance. A palatal cyst appears radiolucent on a
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
radiographic examination and is not diagnosed through clinical appearance. A mixed tumor or
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
pleomorphic adenoma is a benign tumor of salivary gland origin, found unilaterally off the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
midline of the hard palate. It is composed of tumor tissue that is not bony hard to palpation.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
Ranula is a term used for a mucocele-like lesion that forms unilaterally on the floor of the mouth.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
REF: Torus Palatinus, page 21
g g g g OBJ: g g 4
6. The gray-white opalescent film seen on the buccal mucosa of 85% of black adults is a variant of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gnormal that requires no treatment and is termed
g g g g g g g
a. linea alba. g
b. leukoedema.
c. leukoplakia.
d. white sponge nevus. g g
ANS: B g
Leukoedema is a diffuse opalescence most commonly seen on the buccal mucosa in black
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
individuals. Linea alba is a ―white line‖ that extends anteroposteriorly on the buccal mucosa
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
along the occlusal plane. It is most prominent in patients who have a clenching or grinding
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
habit. Leukoplakia is a clinical term for a white lesion, the cause of which is unknown. White
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
sponge nevus is a genetic (autosomal dominant) trait. Clinically, it is characterized by a soft
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
white, folded (or corrugated) oral mucosa. A thick layer of keratin produces the whitening.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
REF: Leukoedema, page 23
g g g g OBJ: g g 8
, 7. Which condition most likely responds to therapeutic diagnosis?
g g g g g g g
a. Angular cheilitis g
b. Amelogenesis imperfecta g
c. Paget disease g
d. Stafne bone cyst g g
ANS: A g
Angular cheilitis most commonly responds to antifungal therapy once nutritional deficiencies
g g g g g g g g g g
have been ruled out. Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic condition associated with abnormal
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
development of the enamel. Paget disease is a chronic metabolic bone disease. A highly
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level contributes significantly to the diagnosis. A Stafne
g g g g g g g g g g g g
bone cyst is determined through surgical diagnosis in which entrapped salivary gland tissue is
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
identified.
g
REF: g Therapeutic Diagnosis, page 18 g g g OBJ: g g 3
8. The gingival enlargement in this patient was caused by a calcium channel blocker. Which
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
medication is the likely cause?
g g g g g
a. Dilantin
b. Nifedipine
c. Quinidine
d. Clozapine
ANS: B g
Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker. Dilantin is an anticonvulsant used to prevent or control
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
seizures. Quinidine is an antiarrhythmic agent used to treat cardiac arrhythmias. Clozapine is
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
an antipsychotic used in the management of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia.
g g g g g g g g g g g
REF: g Historical Diagnosis, Fig. 1.38, page 17 g g g g g OBJ: g g 3
9. Radiographic features, including cotton-wool radiopacities and hypercementosis, are
g g g g g g g
especially helpful in the diagnosis of
g g g g g g
a. Paget disease. g
b. dentinogenesis imperfecta. g
c. anemia.
d. diabetes.
ANS: A g
Paget disease is a chronic metabolic bone disease. Radiographically, cotton-wool radiopacities
g g g g g g g g g g
and hypercementosis are characteristic features. Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a genetic
g g g g g g g g g g
condition involving a defect in the development of dentin. Anemia, a decrease in red blood cells,
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
requires blood tests to determine the etiologic factors. Diabetes is a chronic disorder of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
carbohydrate metabolism characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels.
g g g g g g g g g
REF: g Laboratory Diagnosis, Fig. 1.40, pages 16, 18 g g g g g g OBJ: g g 3
10. In internal resorption, the radiolucency seen on radiographic examination is usually
g g g g g g g g g g
a. well circumscribed. g
b. diffuse.
g g g g g g g g g
Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition
g g g g g g g g
MULTIPLE CHOICE g
1. Which descriptive term is described as a segment that is part of the whole?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
a. Bulla
b. Vesicle
c. Lobule
d. Pustule
ANS: C g
A lobule is described as a segment or lobe that is part of a whole. A bulla is a large, elevated lesion
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
that contains serous fluid and may look like a blister. A vesicle is a small, elevated lesion that
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
contains serous fluid. Pustules are circumscribed elevations containing pus.
g g g g g g g g g
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1
g g g g g g g g OBJ: g g 1
2. A lesion with a sessile base is described as
g g g g g g g g
a. an ulcer. g
b. stemlike.
c. pedunculated.
d. flat and broad. g g
ANS: D g
Sessile describes the base of a lesion that is flat and broad. An ulcer is a break in the surface
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
epithelium. A stemlike lesion is referred to as pedunculated. A pedunculated lesion is stemlike or
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
stalk-based (similar to a mushroom).
g g g g g
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical Appearance of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1
g g g g g g g g g
OBJ: 1
g g
3. Which condition is not diagnosed through clinical appearance?
g g g g g g g
a. Mandibular tori g
b. Fordyce granules g
c. Black hairy tongue g g
d. Compound odontoma g
ANS: D g
The compound odontoma is initially identified radiographically as a radiopaque area in which
g g g g g g g g g g g g
tooth structure can be identified. No clinical component exists. Mandibular tori are identified
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
clinically as areas of exostosis on the lingual aspects of mandibular premolars. Fordyce
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
granules are yellow clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands diagnosed through clinical
g g g g g g g g g g g
appearance. Black hairy tongue is diagnosed clinically. The filiform papillae on the dorsal
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
tongue elongate and become brown or black. Causes include tobacco, alcohol, hydrogen
g g g g g g g g g g g g
peroxide, chemical rinses, antibiotics, and antacids.
g g g g g g
REF: g Radiographic Diagnosis, page 9 g g g OBJ: g g 3
4. Another name for geographic tongue is
g g g g g
, a. median rhomboid glossitis. g g
b. benign migratory glossitis. g g
c. fissured tongue. g
d. black hairy tongue. g g
ANS: B g
Benign migratory glossitis is another name for geographic tongue. Research suggests that
g g g g g g g g g g g
median rhomboid glossitis is associated with a chronic fungal infection from Candida albicans.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
Sometimes the condition resolves with antifungal therapy. Fissured tongue is seen in 5% of the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
population. It is a variant of normal. Genetic factors are typically associated with the condition.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
Black hairy tongue is caused by a reaction to chemicals, tobacco, hydrogen peroxide, or
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
antacids. The filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue become elongated and are dark brown to
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
black.
g
REF: Geographic Tongue, page 24
g g g g OBJ: g g 7
5. This bony hard structure in the midline of the hard palate is genetic in origin and inherited in an
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
autosomal dominant manner. The diagnosis is made through clinical appearance. Which
g g g g g g g g g g g
condition is suspected?
g g g
a. Palatal cyst g
b. Torus palatinus g
c. Mixed tumor g
d. Ranula
ANS: B g
A torus palatinus is developmental and bony hard and is found on the midline of the palate.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical appearance. A palatal cyst appears radiolucent on a
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
radiographic examination and is not diagnosed through clinical appearance. A mixed tumor or
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
pleomorphic adenoma is a benign tumor of salivary gland origin, found unilaterally off the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
midline of the hard palate. It is composed of tumor tissue that is not bony hard to palpation.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
Ranula is a term used for a mucocele-like lesion that forms unilaterally on the floor of the mouth.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
REF: Torus Palatinus, page 21
g g g g OBJ: g g 4
6. The gray-white opalescent film seen on the buccal mucosa of 85% of black adults is a variant of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gnormal that requires no treatment and is termed
g g g g g g g
a. linea alba. g
b. leukoedema.
c. leukoplakia.
d. white sponge nevus. g g
ANS: B g
Leukoedema is a diffuse opalescence most commonly seen on the buccal mucosa in black
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
individuals. Linea alba is a ―white line‖ that extends anteroposteriorly on the buccal mucosa
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
along the occlusal plane. It is most prominent in patients who have a clenching or grinding
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
habit. Leukoplakia is a clinical term for a white lesion, the cause of which is unknown. White
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
sponge nevus is a genetic (autosomal dominant) trait. Clinically, it is characterized by a soft
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
white, folded (or corrugated) oral mucosa. A thick layer of keratin produces the whitening.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
REF: Leukoedema, page 23
g g g g OBJ: g g 8
, 7. Which condition most likely responds to therapeutic diagnosis?
g g g g g g g
a. Angular cheilitis g
b. Amelogenesis imperfecta g
c. Paget disease g
d. Stafne bone cyst g g
ANS: A g
Angular cheilitis most commonly responds to antifungal therapy once nutritional deficiencies
g g g g g g g g g g
have been ruled out. Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic condition associated with abnormal
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
development of the enamel. Paget disease is a chronic metabolic bone disease. A highly
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level contributes significantly to the diagnosis. A Stafne
g g g g g g g g g g g g
bone cyst is determined through surgical diagnosis in which entrapped salivary gland tissue is
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
identified.
g
REF: g Therapeutic Diagnosis, page 18 g g g OBJ: g g 3
8. The gingival enlargement in this patient was caused by a calcium channel blocker. Which
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
medication is the likely cause?
g g g g g
a. Dilantin
b. Nifedipine
c. Quinidine
d. Clozapine
ANS: B g
Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker. Dilantin is an anticonvulsant used to prevent or control
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
seizures. Quinidine is an antiarrhythmic agent used to treat cardiac arrhythmias. Clozapine is
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
an antipsychotic used in the management of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia.
g g g g g g g g g g g
REF: g Historical Diagnosis, Fig. 1.38, page 17 g g g g g OBJ: g g 3
9. Radiographic features, including cotton-wool radiopacities and hypercementosis, are
g g g g g g g
especially helpful in the diagnosis of
g g g g g g
a. Paget disease. g
b. dentinogenesis imperfecta. g
c. anemia.
d. diabetes.
ANS: A g
Paget disease is a chronic metabolic bone disease. Radiographically, cotton-wool radiopacities
g g g g g g g g g g
and hypercementosis are characteristic features. Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a genetic
g g g g g g g g g g
condition involving a defect in the development of dentin. Anemia, a decrease in red blood cells,
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
requires blood tests to determine the etiologic factors. Diabetes is a chronic disorder of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
carbohydrate metabolism characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels.
g g g g g g g g g
REF: g Laboratory Diagnosis, Fig. 1.40, pages 16, 18 g g g g g g OBJ: g g 3
10. In internal resorption, the radiolucency seen on radiographic examination is usually
g g g g g g g g g g
a. well circumscribed. g
b. diffuse.
