HCIV Unit 4 (2025) Actual Exam Questions and Answers A+ Graded.

HCIV Unit 4 (2025) Actual Exam Questions
and Answers A+ Graded




What .is .a .traumatic .brain .injury .(TBI)? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Damage .caused
.from .external .mechanical .force
Typical .causes .include .falls .and .MVC's

How .is .severity .of .a .TBI .determined? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Glasgow .coma
.scale .
CT .
Estimation .of .the .force .of .trauma
Symptoms

What .is .a .concussion? .S/S? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Mild .form .of .a .TBI .
S/S: .cognition .changes .and .headaches

What .is .a .primary .brain .injury? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Occurs .at .the .time .of .the
.injury .from .blunt .or .penetrating .force.


What .is .a .focal .primary .brain .injury? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Confined .to .one
.specific .area


What .is .a .diffuse .primary .brain .injury? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Damage
.throughout .many .areas .of .the .brain


What .are .open .brain .injuries? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Occurs .when .the .skull .is
.fractured .or .pierced .by .a .penetrating .object.


What .is .a .closed .brain .injury? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Occurs .when .the .skull
.remains .intact. .
Damage .to .underlying .vessels, .rural .sinuses, .brain .and .cranial .nerves.

What .is .a .sign .of .a .closed .brain .injury? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Elevated .ICP

What .is .whiplash .considered? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Closed .brain .injury

What .is .secondary .brain .injury? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-refers .to .the ."after
.effects" .of .the .primary .injury; .it .includes .abnormal .processes .such .as .cerebral

, .edema, .intracranial .hemorrhage, .increased .ICP, .cerebral .ischemia .and .hypoxia,
.and .infection.


What .is .normal .ICP? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-10-15mmHg

What .sustained .ICP .is .detrimental .to .the .brain? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
<20mmHg

What .is .the .leading .cause .of .death .from .head .trauma .patients? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-Increased .ICP, .can .result .in .herniation.


What .are .the .three .major .types .of .cranial .hemorrhage? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Epidural .
Subdural .
Intercerebral

What .is .a .epidural .hematoma? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Arterial .bleeding .into .he
.space .between .the .dura .and .the .inner .skull.
S/S .are .lucid .intervals .followed .by .unconsciousness.

What .is .a .subdural .hematoma? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Venous .bleeding .into .the
.space .between .the .dura .and .the .arachnoid.


Which .type .of .hematoma .has .slower .bleeding? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Subdural,
.because .of .this .SDH's .have .the .highest .mortality .rate .because .they .are .often
.unrecognized .until .there .is .neurological .deterioration.


What .are .the .three .types .of .subdural .hematomas? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Acute-
.present .within .48hrs .
Subacute- .present .between .48hrs- .2 .weeks
Chronic- .presents .2 .weeks .to .several .months .after .injury

What .is .a .intracerebral .hemorrhage? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-the .accumulation .of
.blood .within .the .brain .tissue .caused .by .the .tearing .of .small .arteries .and .veins
.in .the .subcortical .white .matter.


What .is .common .to .see .with .a .intracerebral .hemorrhage? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-Midline .shift


What .is .brain .herniation .syndrome? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .shifting .of .the
.brain .from .its .normal .location .into .an .adjacent .space.


What .is .uncal .herniation? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Shift .of .one .or .both .areas .of
.the .temporal .lobe .creating .pressure .on .the .oculomotor .nerve.
S/S .blown .pupils

What .a .central .herniation? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Downward .shift .of .the .brain
.stem .and .diencephalon .from .a .supratentorial .lesion. .