1
SPHR STUDY GUIDE CH EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Motivation Concepts: Motivation/Hygiene Theory
(Fredrick Herzberg, 1959) "Two Factor" Theory, what makes people happy is what
they do, what makes them unhappy is how they are treated. Result of concept is job
enrichment, significance of tasks increased to provide challenging work and
growth opportunities.
Motivation Concepts: Motivation/Hygiene Theory: Motivation
The satisfaction factors motivate by changing the nature of the work so people are
challenged to develop their talents and fulfill their potential. Leads to longer-term
satisfaction
Culture: Very Formal or Informal, Employee Base: Computer Savvy or used to
small meetings?
Documenting Performance Issues: Steps
1. Verbal warning (written record) 2. First written warning 3. Final written warning
4. Decision-making day 5. Suspension 6. Termination
Adult Learning Process, Lindeman
Eduard Lindeman 1920's, method of learning was more important to adults than
what was being learned. Enhanced learning resulted in small groups where
experiences could be shared.
Adult Learning Process, Knowles
Malcolm Knowles 1970's, Andragogy/Pedagogy, Characteristics of learning: 1.
Self-Concept 2. Experience 3. Readiness to learn 4. Orientation to learning 5.
Motivation to learn
Andragogy
, 2
Study for how adults learn.
Pedagogy
Study of how children learn.
Self-concept
Dependency to autonomy and self-direction.
Experience
An individual builds a wealth of knowledge which can be drawn upon.
Readiness to learn
Individuals become increasingly interested in the relevance of information and
how it applies to them.
Orientation to learning
The ability to apply information immediately is increasing important to learners.
Motivation to learn
Based more on personal needs and desires than on expectations of others.
Motivation Concepts
Hierearchy of Needs (Abraham Maslow, 1954), Motivation/Hygiene Theory
(Fredrick Herzberg, 1959), Theory X and Y (Douglas McGregor, 1960), ERG
Theory (Clayton Alderfer, 1969), Acquired Needs Theory (David McClelland,
1961), Equity Theory (J. Stacy Adams, 1963), Expectancy Theory (Victor Vroom,
1964), Operant Conditioning (B.F. Skinner, 1957)
Motivation Concepts: Hierearchy of Needs
(Abraham Maslow, 1954) Basic needs and stages of growth, 5 levels:
Physiological, Safety, Social, Esteem, Self-Actualization
Motivation Concepts: Hierearchy of Needs: Physiological
Most basic needs: Food, Shelter.
Motivation Concepts: Hierearchy of Needs: Safety
Safe from physical harm
, 3
Motivation Concepts: Hierearchy of Needs: Social
Motivated by a desire of acceptance and belonging within their social group.
Motivation Concepts: Hierearchy of Needs: Esteem
Motivated by recognition of their achievements
Motivation Concepts: Hierearchy of Needs: Self-actualization
When all the needs have been met, motivation comes from opportunities to be
creative and fulfill their potential. Internal.
Motivation Concepts: Motivation/Hygiene Theory: Hygiene
the dissatisfaction factors motivate to the extent that they allow people to avoid
unpleasant experiences. Hygiene benefits are short-term.
Motivation Concepts: Theory X and Y
(Douglas McGregor, 1960) Theory X - worldview of lazy employees needing
constant direction. Theory Y - People will seek out challenging work and
additional responsibilities.
Motivation Concepts: ERG Theory
(Clayton Alderfer, 1969) Builds on Maslow’s work, 3 levels of needs: 1. Existence
(physiological and safety) 2. Relatedness (social needs and esteem) 3. Growth
(self-esteem and actualization). ERG theory allows for the possibility of working
on multiple levels simultaneously. Also frustration-regression, individual falls back
to lower levels in frustration at higher level.
Motivation Concepts: Acquired Needs Theory
(David McClelland, 1961) Experiences acquired throughout life motivate people to
achieve in one of three areas: 1. Achievement 2. Affiliation 3. Power
Motivation Concepts: Acquired Needs Theory: Achievement
Motivated to take moderate risks, respond to frequent feedback, generally prefer to
work as sole contributors or with others interested in achieving at the same level.
Motivation Concepts: Acquired Needs Theory: Affiliation
Look for acceptance within the work group and need regular interaction with co-
workers or customers.
SPHR STUDY GUIDE CH EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Motivation Concepts: Motivation/Hygiene Theory
(Fredrick Herzberg, 1959) "Two Factor" Theory, what makes people happy is what
they do, what makes them unhappy is how they are treated. Result of concept is job
enrichment, significance of tasks increased to provide challenging work and
growth opportunities.
Motivation Concepts: Motivation/Hygiene Theory: Motivation
The satisfaction factors motivate by changing the nature of the work so people are
challenged to develop their talents and fulfill their potential. Leads to longer-term
satisfaction
Culture: Very Formal or Informal, Employee Base: Computer Savvy or used to
small meetings?
Documenting Performance Issues: Steps
1. Verbal warning (written record) 2. First written warning 3. Final written warning
4. Decision-making day 5. Suspension 6. Termination
Adult Learning Process, Lindeman
Eduard Lindeman 1920's, method of learning was more important to adults than
what was being learned. Enhanced learning resulted in small groups where
experiences could be shared.
Adult Learning Process, Knowles
Malcolm Knowles 1970's, Andragogy/Pedagogy, Characteristics of learning: 1.
Self-Concept 2. Experience 3. Readiness to learn 4. Orientation to learning 5.
Motivation to learn
Andragogy
, 2
Study for how adults learn.
Pedagogy
Study of how children learn.
Self-concept
Dependency to autonomy and self-direction.
Experience
An individual builds a wealth of knowledge which can be drawn upon.
Readiness to learn
Individuals become increasingly interested in the relevance of information and
how it applies to them.
Orientation to learning
The ability to apply information immediately is increasing important to learners.
Motivation to learn
Based more on personal needs and desires than on expectations of others.
Motivation Concepts
Hierearchy of Needs (Abraham Maslow, 1954), Motivation/Hygiene Theory
(Fredrick Herzberg, 1959), Theory X and Y (Douglas McGregor, 1960), ERG
Theory (Clayton Alderfer, 1969), Acquired Needs Theory (David McClelland,
1961), Equity Theory (J. Stacy Adams, 1963), Expectancy Theory (Victor Vroom,
1964), Operant Conditioning (B.F. Skinner, 1957)
Motivation Concepts: Hierearchy of Needs
(Abraham Maslow, 1954) Basic needs and stages of growth, 5 levels:
Physiological, Safety, Social, Esteem, Self-Actualization
Motivation Concepts: Hierearchy of Needs: Physiological
Most basic needs: Food, Shelter.
Motivation Concepts: Hierearchy of Needs: Safety
Safe from physical harm
, 3
Motivation Concepts: Hierearchy of Needs: Social
Motivated by a desire of acceptance and belonging within their social group.
Motivation Concepts: Hierearchy of Needs: Esteem
Motivated by recognition of their achievements
Motivation Concepts: Hierearchy of Needs: Self-actualization
When all the needs have been met, motivation comes from opportunities to be
creative and fulfill their potential. Internal.
Motivation Concepts: Motivation/Hygiene Theory: Hygiene
the dissatisfaction factors motivate to the extent that they allow people to avoid
unpleasant experiences. Hygiene benefits are short-term.
Motivation Concepts: Theory X and Y
(Douglas McGregor, 1960) Theory X - worldview of lazy employees needing
constant direction. Theory Y - People will seek out challenging work and
additional responsibilities.
Motivation Concepts: ERG Theory
(Clayton Alderfer, 1969) Builds on Maslow’s work, 3 levels of needs: 1. Existence
(physiological and safety) 2. Relatedness (social needs and esteem) 3. Growth
(self-esteem and actualization). ERG theory allows for the possibility of working
on multiple levels simultaneously. Also frustration-regression, individual falls back
to lower levels in frustration at higher level.
Motivation Concepts: Acquired Needs Theory
(David McClelland, 1961) Experiences acquired throughout life motivate people to
achieve in one of three areas: 1. Achievement 2. Affiliation 3. Power
Motivation Concepts: Acquired Needs Theory: Achievement
Motivated to take moderate risks, respond to frequent feedback, generally prefer to
work as sole contributors or with others interested in achieving at the same level.
Motivation Concepts: Acquired Needs Theory: Affiliation
Look for acceptance within the work group and need regular interaction with co-
workers or customers.
