COMPLETE TEST BANK FOR Pathophysiology- The Biologic
Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 8th Edition by
Kathryn L McCance MS PhD (Author) latest update
THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN
8th Edition
Kathryn L. McCance, Sue E. Huether
, Test |Bank |- |Pathophysiology: |The |Biologic |Basis |for |Disease |in |Adults |and |Children |(8th) | | | | | 2
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
| | |
MULTIPLE |CHOICE
1. Which |statement |best |describes |the |cellular |function |of |metabolic |absorption?
a. Cells |can |produce |proteins.
b. Cells |can |secrete |digestive |enzymes.
c. Cells |can |take |in |and |use |nutrients.
d. Cells |can |synthesize |fats.
ANS: | C
In |metabolic |absorption, |all |cells |take |in |and |use |nutrients |and |other |substances |from |their
|surroundings. |The |remaining |options |are |not |inclusive |in |their |descriptions |of |cellular
|metabolic|absorption.
PTS: | | | 1 DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering
2. Where |is |most |of |a |cell’s |genetic |information, |including |RNA |and |DNA, |contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: | C
The |nucleus |contains |the |nucleolus, |a |small |dense |structure |composed |largely |of |RNA, |most
|of|the |cellular |DNA, |and |the |DNA-binding |proteins, |such |as |the |histones, |which |regulate |its
|activity. |The |mitochondria |are |responsible |for |cellular |respiration |and |energy |production.
Ribosomes’ |chief |function |is |to |provide |sites |for |cellular |protein |synthesis. |Lysosomes |function|as
|the |intracellular |digestive |system.
PTS: | | | 1 DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering
3. Which |component |of |the |cell |produces |hydrogen |peroxide |(H2O2) |by |using |oxygen |to
remove|hydrogen |atoms |from |specific |substrates |in |an |oxidative |reaction?
|
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: | B
, Test |Bank |- |Pathophysiology: |The |Biologic |Basis |for |Disease |in |Adults |and |Children |(8th) | | | | | 3
Peroxisomes |are |so |named |because |they |usually |contain |enzymes |that |use |oxygen |to |remove
|hydrogen |atoms |from |specific |substrates |in |an |oxidative |reaction |that |produces |H2O2, |which |is
|a|powerful |oxidant |and |potentially |destructive |if |it |accumulates |or |escapes |from |peroxisomes.
Ribosomes |are |RNA-protein |complexes |(nucleoproteins) |that |are |synthesized |in |the |nucleolus
|and |secreted |into |the |cytoplasm |through |pores |in |the |nuclear |envelope |called |nuclear |pore
|complexes. |Lysosomes |are |saclike |structures |that |originate |from |the |Golgi |complex |and
|contain|more |than |40 |digestive |enzymes |called |hydrolases, |which |catalyze |bonds |in |proteins,
|lipids, |nucleic |acids, |and |carbohydrates. |An |endosome |is |a |vesical |that |has |been |pinched |off |from
|the |cellular |membrane.
PTS: | | | 1 DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering
4. Which |cell |component |is |capable |of |cellular |autodigestion |when |it |is |released |during |cell |injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi |complex
c. Smooth |endoplasmic |reticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS: | D
The |lysosomal |membrane |acts |as |a |protective |shield |between |the |powerful |digestive |enzymes
|within |the |lysosome |and |the |cytoplasm, |preventing |their |leakage |into |the |cytoplasmic |matrix.
|Disruption |of |the |membrane |by |various |treatments |or |cellular |injury |leads |to |a |release |of |the
|lysosomal |enzymes, |which |can |then |react |with |their |specific |substrates, |causing |cellular |self-
|digestion. |The |chief |function |of |a |ribosome |is |to |provide |sites |for |cellular |protein |synthesis.
|The|Golgi |complex |is |a |network |of |flattened, |smooth |vesicles |and |membranes |often |located |near
|the|cell |nucleus. |The |smooth |endoplasmic |reticulum |is |involved |in |steroid |hormone |production
|and|removing |toxic |substances |from |the |cell.
PTS: | | | 1 DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering
5. Which |cAMP-mediated |response |is |related |to |antidiuretic |hormone?
a. Increased |heart |rate |and |force |of |contraction
b. Secretion |of |cortisol
c. Increased |retention |of |water
d. Breakdown |of |fat
ANS: | C
Antidiuretic |hormone |leads |to |increased |retention |of |water |in |the |body. |Epinephrine |causes
|increases |in |heart |rate |and |force |of |contraction. | Increased |cortisol |secretion |is |due |to
|ACTH.|Breakdown |of |fat |is |due |to |glucagon.
PTS: | | | 1 DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering
6. During |which |phase |of |the |cell |cycle |is |DNA |synthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
, Test |Bank |- |Pathophysiology: |The |Biologic |Basis |for |Disease |in |Adults |and |Children |(8th) | | | | | 4
ANS: | B
The |four |designated |phases |of |the |cell |cycle |are: |(1) |the |G1 |phase |(G |= |gap), |which |is |the |period
|between |the |M |phase |(M |= |mitosis) |and |the |start |of |DNA |synthesis; |(2) |the |S |phase |(S |=
|synthesis), |during |which |DNA |is |synthesized |in |the |cell |nucleus; |(3) |the |G2 |phase, |during
|which|RNA |and |protein |synthesis |occurs, |the |period |between |the |completion |of |DNA |synthesis
|and |the|next |phase |(M); |and |(4) |the |M |phase, |which |includes |nuclear |and |cytoplasmic |division.
PTS: | | | 1 DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering
7. What |organic |compound |facilitates |transportation |across |cell |membranes |by |acting |as
receptors,|transport |channels |for |electrolytes, |and |enzymes |to |drive |active |pumps?
|
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: | C
Proteins |have |several |functions, |including |acting |as |receptors, |transport |channels |for
|electrolytes,|and |enzymes |to |drive |active |pumps |Lipids |help |act |as |the |“glue” |holding |cell
|membranes |together. |Proteases |cause |the |breakdown |of |protein. |Carbohydrates |are |involved |in
|cellular |protection |and |lubrication |and |help |produce |energy |via |oxidative |phosphorylation.
PTS: | | | 1 DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering
8. Understanding |the |various |steps |of |proteolytic |cascades |may |be |useful |in |designing |drug
therapy|for |which |human |diseases?
|
a. Cardiac |and |vascular |disorders
b. Autoimmune |and |malignant |disorders
c. Gastrointestinal |and |renal |disorders
d. Endocrine |and |gastrointestinal |disorders
ANS: | B
Understanding |the |various |steps |involved |in |this |process |is |crucial |for |designing |drug
|interventions. |Dysregulation |of |proteases |features |prominently |in |many |human
|diseases,|including |cancer, |autoimmunity, |and |neurodegenerative |disorders. |Cardiac,
|vascular, |gastrointestinal, |renal, |and |endocrine |disorders |do |not |involve |this |process.
PTS: | | | 1 DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering
9. Which |structure |prevents |water-soluble |molecules |from |entering |cells |across |the
plasma|membrane?
|
a. Carbohydrate |chains
b. Glycoprotein |channels
c. Membrane |channel |proteins
d. Lipid |bilayer
ANS: | D
Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 8th Edition by
Kathryn L McCance MS PhD (Author) latest update
THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN
8th Edition
Kathryn L. McCance, Sue E. Huether
, Test |Bank |- |Pathophysiology: |The |Biologic |Basis |for |Disease |in |Adults |and |Children |(8th) | | | | | 2
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
| | |
MULTIPLE |CHOICE
1. Which |statement |best |describes |the |cellular |function |of |metabolic |absorption?
a. Cells |can |produce |proteins.
b. Cells |can |secrete |digestive |enzymes.
c. Cells |can |take |in |and |use |nutrients.
d. Cells |can |synthesize |fats.
ANS: | C
In |metabolic |absorption, |all |cells |take |in |and |use |nutrients |and |other |substances |from |their
|surroundings. |The |remaining |options |are |not |inclusive |in |their |descriptions |of |cellular
|metabolic|absorption.
PTS: | | | 1 DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering
2. Where |is |most |of |a |cell’s |genetic |information, |including |RNA |and |DNA, |contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: | C
The |nucleus |contains |the |nucleolus, |a |small |dense |structure |composed |largely |of |RNA, |most
|of|the |cellular |DNA, |and |the |DNA-binding |proteins, |such |as |the |histones, |which |regulate |its
|activity. |The |mitochondria |are |responsible |for |cellular |respiration |and |energy |production.
Ribosomes’ |chief |function |is |to |provide |sites |for |cellular |protein |synthesis. |Lysosomes |function|as
|the |intracellular |digestive |system.
PTS: | | | 1 DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering
3. Which |component |of |the |cell |produces |hydrogen |peroxide |(H2O2) |by |using |oxygen |to
remove|hydrogen |atoms |from |specific |substrates |in |an |oxidative |reaction?
|
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: | B
, Test |Bank |- |Pathophysiology: |The |Biologic |Basis |for |Disease |in |Adults |and |Children |(8th) | | | | | 3
Peroxisomes |are |so |named |because |they |usually |contain |enzymes |that |use |oxygen |to |remove
|hydrogen |atoms |from |specific |substrates |in |an |oxidative |reaction |that |produces |H2O2, |which |is
|a|powerful |oxidant |and |potentially |destructive |if |it |accumulates |or |escapes |from |peroxisomes.
Ribosomes |are |RNA-protein |complexes |(nucleoproteins) |that |are |synthesized |in |the |nucleolus
|and |secreted |into |the |cytoplasm |through |pores |in |the |nuclear |envelope |called |nuclear |pore
|complexes. |Lysosomes |are |saclike |structures |that |originate |from |the |Golgi |complex |and
|contain|more |than |40 |digestive |enzymes |called |hydrolases, |which |catalyze |bonds |in |proteins,
|lipids, |nucleic |acids, |and |carbohydrates. |An |endosome |is |a |vesical |that |has |been |pinched |off |from
|the |cellular |membrane.
PTS: | | | 1 DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering
4. Which |cell |component |is |capable |of |cellular |autodigestion |when |it |is |released |during |cell |injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi |complex
c. Smooth |endoplasmic |reticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS: | D
The |lysosomal |membrane |acts |as |a |protective |shield |between |the |powerful |digestive |enzymes
|within |the |lysosome |and |the |cytoplasm, |preventing |their |leakage |into |the |cytoplasmic |matrix.
|Disruption |of |the |membrane |by |various |treatments |or |cellular |injury |leads |to |a |release |of |the
|lysosomal |enzymes, |which |can |then |react |with |their |specific |substrates, |causing |cellular |self-
|digestion. |The |chief |function |of |a |ribosome |is |to |provide |sites |for |cellular |protein |synthesis.
|The|Golgi |complex |is |a |network |of |flattened, |smooth |vesicles |and |membranes |often |located |near
|the|cell |nucleus. |The |smooth |endoplasmic |reticulum |is |involved |in |steroid |hormone |production
|and|removing |toxic |substances |from |the |cell.
PTS: | | | 1 DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering
5. Which |cAMP-mediated |response |is |related |to |antidiuretic |hormone?
a. Increased |heart |rate |and |force |of |contraction
b. Secretion |of |cortisol
c. Increased |retention |of |water
d. Breakdown |of |fat
ANS: | C
Antidiuretic |hormone |leads |to |increased |retention |of |water |in |the |body. |Epinephrine |causes
|increases |in |heart |rate |and |force |of |contraction. | Increased |cortisol |secretion |is |due |to
|ACTH.|Breakdown |of |fat |is |due |to |glucagon.
PTS: | | | 1 DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering
6. During |which |phase |of |the |cell |cycle |is |DNA |synthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
, Test |Bank |- |Pathophysiology: |The |Biologic |Basis |for |Disease |in |Adults |and |Children |(8th) | | | | | 4
ANS: | B
The |four |designated |phases |of |the |cell |cycle |are: |(1) |the |G1 |phase |(G |= |gap), |which |is |the |period
|between |the |M |phase |(M |= |mitosis) |and |the |start |of |DNA |synthesis; |(2) |the |S |phase |(S |=
|synthesis), |during |which |DNA |is |synthesized |in |the |cell |nucleus; |(3) |the |G2 |phase, |during
|which|RNA |and |protein |synthesis |occurs, |the |period |between |the |completion |of |DNA |synthesis
|and |the|next |phase |(M); |and |(4) |the |M |phase, |which |includes |nuclear |and |cytoplasmic |division.
PTS: | | | 1 DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering
7. What |organic |compound |facilitates |transportation |across |cell |membranes |by |acting |as
receptors,|transport |channels |for |electrolytes, |and |enzymes |to |drive |active |pumps?
|
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: | C
Proteins |have |several |functions, |including |acting |as |receptors, |transport |channels |for
|electrolytes,|and |enzymes |to |drive |active |pumps |Lipids |help |act |as |the |“glue” |holding |cell
|membranes |together. |Proteases |cause |the |breakdown |of |protein. |Carbohydrates |are |involved |in
|cellular |protection |and |lubrication |and |help |produce |energy |via |oxidative |phosphorylation.
PTS: | | | 1 DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering
8. Understanding |the |various |steps |of |proteolytic |cascades |may |be |useful |in |designing |drug
therapy|for |which |human |diseases?
|
a. Cardiac |and |vascular |disorders
b. Autoimmune |and |malignant |disorders
c. Gastrointestinal |and |renal |disorders
d. Endocrine |and |gastrointestinal |disorders
ANS: | B
Understanding |the |various |steps |involved |in |this |process |is |crucial |for |designing |drug
|interventions. |Dysregulation |of |proteases |features |prominently |in |many |human
|diseases,|including |cancer, |autoimmunity, |and |neurodegenerative |disorders. |Cardiac,
|vascular, |gastrointestinal, |renal, |and |endocrine |disorders |do |not |involve |this |process.
PTS: | | | 1 DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering
9. Which |structure |prevents |water-soluble |molecules |from |entering |cells |across |the
plasma|membrane?
|
a. Carbohydrate |chains
b. Glycoprotein |channels
c. Membrane |channel |proteins
d. Lipid |bilayer
ANS: | D
