Updated Study Guide (Rated 100%)
when is treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism recommended? -
✅ when the TSH level is higher than 10.
are hot or cold thyroid nodules typically most likely to be malignant? -
✅ cold nodules
how does HRT impact gallbladder disease? -
✅ increases risk of gallstones with oral HRT, lower risk with transdermal.
when did they start screening blood for hep c? -
✅ 1992, so women who have received blood products or organ transplants prior to 1992 may have
acquired heptatitis c
why do we screen for hep C? -
✅ most infections become chronic and most are asymptomatic until liver damage is detected years
later. Our treatments are improving so if we catch this earlier in people, outcomes will be better
all adults born from what year to what year should recieve one time hep c testing? -
✅ 1945 to 1965
routine screening of all adults for hepatitis c. is it reocmmended? -
✅ routine screening for all adults is not recommended, however baby boomers are at the highest
risk. infection rates are 5x other birth cohorts.
what hpv is high risk? -
✅ 16 and 18
by age 50 what percentage of US women will have acquired a genital HPV infection? -
, ✅ 80%-HPV is very common, but it is the high risk ones to worry about
what is the most commonly sexually transmitted infection in the US? -
✅ HPV
What percentage of bone loss do women have from the menopause transition? -
✅ 10-12% on average, about 1 t score
What t score defines osteopenia -
✅ -1.5 to -2.5
Climacteric phase -
✅ The period of endrocrinologic, somatic, and transitory psychologic changes that occur around
the time of menopause.
Early menopause -
✅ LMP before age 45
Late menopause -
✅ LMP after age 54
Primary ovarian insufficiency -
✅ Menopause that occurs before age 40
Early menopause transition (stage -2) -
✅ Persistent difference of 7 days or more in the length of consecutive cycles.
Late menopause transition (stage -1) -
✅ 60 or more consecutive days of amenorrhea
Luteal out of phase event (LOOP) -
✅ Explains why some perimenopausal women have elevated estrogen level sometimes...In the
early menopause transition, elevated FSH levels are adequate to recruit a second follicle which