NRSG 1320 EXAM 2 (PART 1) EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The complete set of an organism's DNA contains how many genes? - ANS 30,000
The 23 pairs of chromosomes are made up of what two parts? - ANS 22 homologous pairs of
chromosomes
1 pair of sex chromosomes, either XX (female) or XY (male)
What is the Human Genome Project? - ANS A 13-year international, collaborative research
program (completed in 2003) providing valuable information about genetics. Advances from
this study provide better methods for
- preventing diseases and abnormalities
- diagnosing diseases
- predicting health risks
- personalizing treatment plans
What is the newborn screening test for inherited, treatable genetic diseases? - ANS PKU or
blood spot test
What are the two types of genes? - ANS Dominant
Recessive
Explain autosomal-recessive disorders. - ANS Present when both genes in a pair carry the
defect
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,Give four examples of autosomal-recessive disorders? - ANS - cystic fibrosis
- sickle cell anemia
- thalassemia
- Tay-Sachs disease
Explain autosomal-dominant disorders. - ANS Present when one or both genes in a pair carry
the defect
Give an example of an autosomal-dominant disorder. - ANS Huntington's disease
What are teratogens? - ANS Drugs, viruses, infections, or other exposures that have the
potential to cause an embryonic/fetal developmental abnormality
When is the fetus most vulnerable to teratogens? - ANS During the first 8 weeks of gestation
(organogenesis)
What teratogenic defects may occur during the first 8 weeks of gestation vs. the defects that
may occur after 13 weeks of gestation? - ANS Before the 8 week mark, teratogens can cause
structural defects. After the 13 week mark, teratogens can restrict growth of the organs and the
body as a whole.
What medications are teratogenic? - ANS - ACE inhibitors
- carbamazepine (anticonvulsant)
- cocaine
- warfarin
What infections/viruses are teratogenic? - ANS - toxoplasmosis (parasite)
- syphilis
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, - rubella
- cytomegalovirus
- herpes varicella (chicken pox)
How much alcohol is considered safe during pregnancy? - ANS None
What are characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome? - ANS - low birth weight
- microcephaly
- learning disabilities
- unusual facial features (due to midfacial hypoplasia)
- cardiac defects
What are the functions of ovaries? - ANS - produce ova
- secrete female sex hormones
Where does fertilization occur? - ANS Fallopian tubes
Where is the best location for implantation of the ovum? - ANS Superior, posterior wall of
the fundus
What are the functions of the muscular and mucosal layers in the fallopian tubes? -
ANS Guide the ovum to the uterus through peristalsis (muscular) and cillia movement
(mucosal)
What are the functions of cervical mucus? - ANS - lubricates the vaginal canal
- forms a barrier to sperm penetration into the uterus during non-fertile periods
- provides a pathway to facilitate sperm passage into the vagina during fertile periods
- provides an alkaline environment to facilitate the viability of sperm in the acidic vagina
COPYRIGHT © 2025 FYNDLAY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The complete set of an organism's DNA contains how many genes? - ANS 30,000
The 23 pairs of chromosomes are made up of what two parts? - ANS 22 homologous pairs of
chromosomes
1 pair of sex chromosomes, either XX (female) or XY (male)
What is the Human Genome Project? - ANS A 13-year international, collaborative research
program (completed in 2003) providing valuable information about genetics. Advances from
this study provide better methods for
- preventing diseases and abnormalities
- diagnosing diseases
- predicting health risks
- personalizing treatment plans
What is the newborn screening test for inherited, treatable genetic diseases? - ANS PKU or
blood spot test
What are the two types of genes? - ANS Dominant
Recessive
Explain autosomal-recessive disorders. - ANS Present when both genes in a pair carry the
defect
COPYRIGHT © 2025 FYNDLAY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Give four examples of autosomal-recessive disorders? - ANS - cystic fibrosis
- sickle cell anemia
- thalassemia
- Tay-Sachs disease
Explain autosomal-dominant disorders. - ANS Present when one or both genes in a pair carry
the defect
Give an example of an autosomal-dominant disorder. - ANS Huntington's disease
What are teratogens? - ANS Drugs, viruses, infections, or other exposures that have the
potential to cause an embryonic/fetal developmental abnormality
When is the fetus most vulnerable to teratogens? - ANS During the first 8 weeks of gestation
(organogenesis)
What teratogenic defects may occur during the first 8 weeks of gestation vs. the defects that
may occur after 13 weeks of gestation? - ANS Before the 8 week mark, teratogens can cause
structural defects. After the 13 week mark, teratogens can restrict growth of the organs and the
body as a whole.
What medications are teratogenic? - ANS - ACE inhibitors
- carbamazepine (anticonvulsant)
- cocaine
- warfarin
What infections/viruses are teratogenic? - ANS - toxoplasmosis (parasite)
- syphilis
COPYRIGHT © 2025 FYNDLAY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, - rubella
- cytomegalovirus
- herpes varicella (chicken pox)
How much alcohol is considered safe during pregnancy? - ANS None
What are characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome? - ANS - low birth weight
- microcephaly
- learning disabilities
- unusual facial features (due to midfacial hypoplasia)
- cardiac defects
What are the functions of ovaries? - ANS - produce ova
- secrete female sex hormones
Where does fertilization occur? - ANS Fallopian tubes
Where is the best location for implantation of the ovum? - ANS Superior, posterior wall of
the fundus
What are the functions of the muscular and mucosal layers in the fallopian tubes? -
ANS Guide the ovum to the uterus through peristalsis (muscular) and cillia movement
(mucosal)
What are the functions of cervical mucus? - ANS - lubricates the vaginal canal
- forms a barrier to sperm penetration into the uterus during non-fertile periods
- provides a pathway to facilitate sperm passage into the vagina during fertile periods
- provides an alkaline environment to facilitate the viability of sperm in the acidic vagina
COPYRIGHT © 2025 FYNDLAY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
