NRSG 1330 EXAM 1 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What is the definition of growth? What is the definition of development? - ANS Growth:
increase in physical size, continuous adjustment in the size of the child both internally and
externally
Development: increase in capability or function, ongoing process of adapting throughout the
lifespan
What is the difference between gross and fine motor skills? Give examples of each. -
ANS Gross motor skills utilize larger muscle groups.
EX: sitting, crawling, walking, kicking, jumping, climbing stairs, riding a bike
Fine motor skills utilize smaller muscle groups.
EX: pinching, waving, clapping, using a crayon, using scissors, buttoning a shirt
Gross motor skills *provide the foundation* for fine motor development.
Explain cephalocaudal and proximodistal development. - ANS Cephalocaudal, meaning head
to tail, refers to the pattern of development starting in the brain and CNS and working its way
down the body.
EX: I can hold my head up before I can walk.
Proximodistal, meaning central to peripheral, refers to the pattern of development starting at
the midline and moving outward.
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,EX: I can walk before I can draw a shape or button my shirt.
True or false: There is a set age for each stage of development that is consistent for every child.
- ANS False
Each child develops at his or her own pace. The stages of development are not rigid; there is
developmental variability within each child.
True or false: It is more concerning if a child is consistently developing early than if a child is
consistently developing late. - ANS False
Early development is no cause for concern. Abnormally late development is cause for more
mindful observation and awareness of a potential problem.
How do genetics influence the growth and development of a child? - ANS Genetics may
explain why a child does not fit into the typical growth patterns for other children their age.
For example, if the parents are tall, their child may quickly outgrow the expected height for
others their age.
How does gender influence growth and development? - ANS Girls and boys have different
growth and development expectations.
For example, puberty starts earlier in girls than boys. They may have earlier growth spurts and
they typically stop growing sooner. Boys tend to be built builkier than girls and they will
typically experience increases in growth later in their lives than girls.
What prenatal factors may influence growth and development later in life? - ANS - maternal
nutrition
- smoking
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,- alcohol and/or drug use
How do environmental factors and socioeconomic status influence growth and development? -
ANS Negative environmental factors such as pollution may impact growth and development.
Socioeconomic status may determine important factors such as access to medical care,
pharamcy, nutritious foods, personal hygiene, and housing resources.
How are "diets" approached in infants and children? - ANS We always aim to replace or
modify nutrition rather than restricting it. Diets that are low fat or low cholesterol may do more
harm than good. Instead, work to replace sugary snacks and junk food with fresh fruits,
vegetables, and lean meats.
What is the most significant indicator of growth *over a period of time*? - ANS Evaluation of
a growth chart
What age is classified as the infant stage? - ANS Birth to 12 months
What reflexes are expected to be present in the infant stage? - ANS - Babinski: flare toes
- rooting: turning towards touch
- sucking: trying to eat
- stepping: moving legs and feet when suspended in the air
- grasping (palm and plantar): curling toes and fingers
What physical development should be evident throughout the infant stage? - ANS Tummy
time should be introduced ASAP after birth to promote neck muscle development and head
control which is important for safe sleep. From here, the infant will begin pushing up and
learning to crawl.
What psychosocial development should be evident during the infant stage? - ANS - turning
towards voices and noices
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, - eye contact
- social smile
What basic guideline is used to evaluate language development in each year of life? -
ANS The child should be speaking sentences the length of their age. For example, one word
sentences by 12 months, 2 word sentences by age 2, etc.
How is anticipatory guidance used in the infant stage? - ANS Baby proofing the house
- no small objects within reach
- cover outlets
- no loose cords
- walking gate at stairs
How is weight expected to change throughout the first year of life? - ANS Double birth
weight by 6 months and triple birth weight by 1 year
How is height expected to change throughout the first year of life? - ANS 50% increase in
birth length (height) by 1 year
What is the expected relation between head and chest circumference at 1 year of age? -
ANS Equal
When are the anterior and posterior fontanels expected to close? - ANS Anterior: 12-18
months
Posterior 6-8 weeks
At what age do teeth typically erupt? - ANS 5-6 months
What pain scale is used for infants? - ANS FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability)
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AND ANSWERS
What is the definition of growth? What is the definition of development? - ANS Growth:
increase in physical size, continuous adjustment in the size of the child both internally and
externally
Development: increase in capability or function, ongoing process of adapting throughout the
lifespan
What is the difference between gross and fine motor skills? Give examples of each. -
ANS Gross motor skills utilize larger muscle groups.
EX: sitting, crawling, walking, kicking, jumping, climbing stairs, riding a bike
Fine motor skills utilize smaller muscle groups.
EX: pinching, waving, clapping, using a crayon, using scissors, buttoning a shirt
Gross motor skills *provide the foundation* for fine motor development.
Explain cephalocaudal and proximodistal development. - ANS Cephalocaudal, meaning head
to tail, refers to the pattern of development starting in the brain and CNS and working its way
down the body.
EX: I can hold my head up before I can walk.
Proximodistal, meaning central to peripheral, refers to the pattern of development starting at
the midline and moving outward.
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,EX: I can walk before I can draw a shape or button my shirt.
True or false: There is a set age for each stage of development that is consistent for every child.
- ANS False
Each child develops at his or her own pace. The stages of development are not rigid; there is
developmental variability within each child.
True or false: It is more concerning if a child is consistently developing early than if a child is
consistently developing late. - ANS False
Early development is no cause for concern. Abnormally late development is cause for more
mindful observation and awareness of a potential problem.
How do genetics influence the growth and development of a child? - ANS Genetics may
explain why a child does not fit into the typical growth patterns for other children their age.
For example, if the parents are tall, their child may quickly outgrow the expected height for
others their age.
How does gender influence growth and development? - ANS Girls and boys have different
growth and development expectations.
For example, puberty starts earlier in girls than boys. They may have earlier growth spurts and
they typically stop growing sooner. Boys tend to be built builkier than girls and they will
typically experience increases in growth later in their lives than girls.
What prenatal factors may influence growth and development later in life? - ANS - maternal
nutrition
- smoking
COPYRIGHT © 2025 FYNDLAY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,- alcohol and/or drug use
How do environmental factors and socioeconomic status influence growth and development? -
ANS Negative environmental factors such as pollution may impact growth and development.
Socioeconomic status may determine important factors such as access to medical care,
pharamcy, nutritious foods, personal hygiene, and housing resources.
How are "diets" approached in infants and children? - ANS We always aim to replace or
modify nutrition rather than restricting it. Diets that are low fat or low cholesterol may do more
harm than good. Instead, work to replace sugary snacks and junk food with fresh fruits,
vegetables, and lean meats.
What is the most significant indicator of growth *over a period of time*? - ANS Evaluation of
a growth chart
What age is classified as the infant stage? - ANS Birth to 12 months
What reflexes are expected to be present in the infant stage? - ANS - Babinski: flare toes
- rooting: turning towards touch
- sucking: trying to eat
- stepping: moving legs and feet when suspended in the air
- grasping (palm and plantar): curling toes and fingers
What physical development should be evident throughout the infant stage? - ANS Tummy
time should be introduced ASAP after birth to promote neck muscle development and head
control which is important for safe sleep. From here, the infant will begin pushing up and
learning to crawl.
What psychosocial development should be evident during the infant stage? - ANS - turning
towards voices and noices
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, - eye contact
- social smile
What basic guideline is used to evaluate language development in each year of life? -
ANS The child should be speaking sentences the length of their age. For example, one word
sentences by 12 months, 2 word sentences by age 2, etc.
How is anticipatory guidance used in the infant stage? - ANS Baby proofing the house
- no small objects within reach
- cover outlets
- no loose cords
- walking gate at stairs
How is weight expected to change throughout the first year of life? - ANS Double birth
weight by 6 months and triple birth weight by 1 year
How is height expected to change throughout the first year of life? - ANS 50% increase in
birth length (height) by 1 year
What is the expected relation between head and chest circumference at 1 year of age? -
ANS Equal
When are the anterior and posterior fontanels expected to close? - ANS Anterior: 12-18
months
Posterior 6-8 weeks
At what age do teeth typically erupt? - ANS 5-6 months
What pain scale is used for infants? - ANS FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability)
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