, 2
bbb
Contents
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology ......................................................................................................................... 4
b b b
Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents .................................................. 18
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases .................................... 31
b b b b b b b b b b
Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases................................................................................................... 44
b b b b b
Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases .......................................................... 55
b b b b b b
Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease ......................................................................................................... 63
b b b b
Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing ............................................................ 68
b b b b b b b
Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity ................................................................................................................. 83
b b b
Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation ............................................................................ 95
b b b b b b
Chapter 10: Infection ................................................................................................................................ 108
b b
Chapter 11: Stress and Disease ................................................................................................................ 117
b b b b
Chapter 12: Cancer Biology ...................................................................................................................... 124
b b b
Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology ............................................................................................................ 137
b b b
Chapter 14: Cancer in Children ................................................................................................................ 143
b b b b
Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System ............................................................... 148
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function.............................................. 159
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function.............. 174
b b b b b b b b b b
Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
.................................................................................................................................................................. 188 b
Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders .......................... 199
b b b b b b b b b
Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children .................................................................... 206
b b b b b b b
Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................. 213
b b b b b
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation..................................................................................... 222
b b b b b
Chapter 23: Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition ...................................................................................... 234
b b b b b b
Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems ......................................................... 239
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System ................................................................. 249
b b b b b b b
Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ..................................................................... 259
b b b b b b b
Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections ........................................................................................... 265
b b b b
Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System ............................................................ 273
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function ........................................ 283
b b b b b b b b
, 3
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Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function ............................................................... 293
b b b b b b b
Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children ................................................................. 300
b b b b b b b
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems .............................. 311
b b b b b b b b b b
Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ................................................................................ 324
b b b b b
Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children.............................................................. 338
b b b b b b b
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System ............................................................... 346
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function....................................................................................... 356
b b b b b
Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children .................................................................... 373
b b b b b b b
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems ................................................ 381
b b b b b b b b b b
Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function ................................................................. 391
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children ............................................... 401
b b b b b b b b b b
Chapter 41: Structure and Function of the Digestive System ................................................................. 409
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 42: Alterations of Digestive Function ......................................................................................... 421
b b b b b
Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children ...................................................................... 432
b b b b b b b
Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System ...................................................... 441
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function .............................................................................. 453
b b b b b
Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children ........................................................... 466
b b b b b b b
Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument........................................................ 475
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integument in Children ........................................................................... 486
b b b b b b b
Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults .................................. 494
b b b b b b b b b b
Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children ............................... 502
b b b b b b b b b b
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th)
b b b b b b b b b b b b b bbbb b 4
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
b b b
MULTIPLE CHOICE b
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
b b b b b b b b b
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b b b
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
b b b b
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b b b b b b
d. Cells can synthesize fats.
b b b
ANS: C b
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
bsurroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
b b b b b b b b b b b
metabolicabsorption.
b b
PTS: bb b 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering b b
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C b
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ofthe cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
b b b b b b b b b b b
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes
b b b b b b b b b b b
functionas the intracellular digestive system.
b b b b b b
PTS: bb b 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering b b
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
b b b b b b b b b b b b
removehydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
b b b b b b b b b b
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B b
bbb
Contents
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology ......................................................................................................................... 4
b b b
Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents .................................................. 18
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases .................................... 31
b b b b b b b b b b
Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases................................................................................................... 44
b b b b b
Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases .......................................................... 55
b b b b b b
Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease ......................................................................................................... 63
b b b b
Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing ............................................................ 68
b b b b b b b
Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity ................................................................................................................. 83
b b b
Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation ............................................................................ 95
b b b b b b
Chapter 10: Infection ................................................................................................................................ 108
b b
Chapter 11: Stress and Disease ................................................................................................................ 117
b b b b
Chapter 12: Cancer Biology ...................................................................................................................... 124
b b b
Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology ............................................................................................................ 137
b b b
Chapter 14: Cancer in Children ................................................................................................................ 143
b b b b
Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System ............................................................... 148
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function.............................................. 159
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function.............. 174
b b b b b b b b b b
Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
.................................................................................................................................................................. 188 b
Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders .......................... 199
b b b b b b b b b
Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children .................................................................... 206
b b b b b b b
Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................. 213
b b b b b
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation..................................................................................... 222
b b b b b
Chapter 23: Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition ...................................................................................... 234
b b b b b b
Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems ......................................................... 239
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System ................................................................. 249
b b b b b b b
Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ..................................................................... 259
b b b b b b b
Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections ........................................................................................... 265
b b b b
Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System ............................................................ 273
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function ........................................ 283
b b b b b b b b
, 3
bbb
Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function ............................................................... 293
b b b b b b b
Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children ................................................................. 300
b b b b b b b
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems .............................. 311
b b b b b b b b b b
Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ................................................................................ 324
b b b b b
Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children.............................................................. 338
b b b b b b b
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System ............................................................... 346
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function....................................................................................... 356
b b b b b
Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children .................................................................... 373
b b b b b b b
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems ................................................ 381
b b b b b b b b b b
Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function ................................................................. 391
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children ............................................... 401
b b b b b b b b b b
Chapter 41: Structure and Function of the Digestive System ................................................................. 409
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 42: Alterations of Digestive Function ......................................................................................... 421
b b b b b
Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children ...................................................................... 432
b b b b b b b
Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System ...................................................... 441
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function .............................................................................. 453
b b b b b
Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children ........................................................... 466
b b b b b b b
Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument........................................................ 475
b b b b b b b b
Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integument in Children ........................................................................... 486
b b b b b b b
Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults .................................. 494
b b b b b b b b b b
Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children ............................... 502
b b b b b b b b b b
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th)
b b b b b b b b b b b b b bbbb b 4
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
b b b
MULTIPLE CHOICE b
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
b b b b b b b b b
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b b b
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
b b b b
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b b b b b b
d. Cells can synthesize fats.
b b b
ANS: C b
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
bsurroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
b b b b b b b b b b b
metabolicabsorption.
b b
PTS: bb b 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering b b
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C b
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ofthe cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
b b b b b b b b b b b
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes
b b b b b b b b b b b
functionas the intracellular digestive system.
b b b b b b
PTS: bb b 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering b b
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
b b b b b b b b b b b b
removehydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
b b b b b b b b b b
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B b
