Bio 121 FINAL EXAM
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1. ______ are substances that cannot be broken down to other substances by
chemical means: elements
2. ______ energy is the energy that matter possesses because of its location
or structure: potential
3. Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7 and an atomic mass of 14 daltons.
Therefore, a Nitrogen atom must have:: 7 protons
4. Compared to 12C, the isotope 14C has:: two more protons
5. A cation has _______ one or more electron: lost
6. A water molecule contains ______: polar covalent bonds
7. What is the approximate atomic mass of an atom with 8 neutrons, 8 protons,
and 8 electrons?: 16 daltons
8. The reactivity of an atom arises from:: The existence of unpaired electrons in
the valence shell
9. What results from the unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?: polar
covalent bond
10. The ______ of a substance is defined as the amount of heat that must be
absorbed for 1 g of that substance to increase its temperature by 1 degree
C...: specific heat
11. The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted
to the slight positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction
called?: hydrogen bond
12. The pH of a particular substance is 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concen-
tration of the substance?: 10^-4 M
13. The above substance is _______: acidic
14. How many molecules of glucose (C6H12O6 molecular mass= 180 Daltons)
would be present in one mole of glucose?: 6.02 x 10^23
15. Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize?: hydrogen bond
16. A hydrophilic substance has an affinity for ______: water
17. Which of the following hydrocarbons has a double bond in its carbon
skeleton?: C2H4
18. When the functional group -OH is added on to the carbon skeleton of the
hydrocarbon, the resulting compound is an ______: alcohol
19. Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydra-
tion reactions and hydrolysis?
a) hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers, and dehydration reactions break-
down polymers
b) dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis
c) dehydration reactions assemble polymers and hydrolysis reactions break-
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, Bio 121 FINAL EXAM
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down polymers
d) hydrolysis forms polymers: c) dehydration reactions assemble polymers and
hydrolysis reactions breakdown polymers
20. Unsaturated fats contain ______: double bonds
21. Saturated fats are generally _____ at room temperature: solid
22. Which of these functional groups does not contain oxygen?: sulfhydryl
23. Ribosomes are sites of ______: protein synthesis
24. On food packages, to what does the term "insoluble fiber" refer to?: cellu-
lose
25. Polymers are synthesized via the ______ reaction: dehydration
26. In the double helix structure of nucleic acids, Adenine hydrogen bonds to
______: thymine
27. All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except:: nucleus
28. In early stage embryos, neighboring cells can communicate with each
other through ______, which are membrane-lined channels filled with cyto-
plasm: gap junctions
29. ______ are the major component of the plasma membrane: phospholipids
30. Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types
of cells?: the need for a surface area of sufficient area to allow for the cell to meet
its metabolic needs
31. ATP has_______ phosphates: 3
32. In a redox reaction the substance that accepts electrons is ______: reduced
33. The steroid _______ is found within the plasma membranes of animal cells
and affects the fluidity of the membranes: cholesterol
34. The process by which a cell engulfs a particle by extending pseudopdoia
is called ______?: phagocytosis
35. The energy that is associated with the relative motion of objects is called
_______ energy: kinetic
36. Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: catabo-
lism is to anabolism as _______ is to ________: exergonic; endergonic
37. Which common pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular
respiration of a glucose molecule?: glycolysis
38. What kinds of molecules do not pass easily through a cell membrane?: -
hydrophilic
39. Transport, cell-cell recognition, and signal transduction are all functions of
______: membrane proteins
40. Plant cells undergoing plasmolysis are in a _______ environment: hyper-
tonic
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Study online at https://quizlet.com/_46lyc0
1. ______ are substances that cannot be broken down to other substances by
chemical means: elements
2. ______ energy is the energy that matter possesses because of its location
or structure: potential
3. Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7 and an atomic mass of 14 daltons.
Therefore, a Nitrogen atom must have:: 7 protons
4. Compared to 12C, the isotope 14C has:: two more protons
5. A cation has _______ one or more electron: lost
6. A water molecule contains ______: polar covalent bonds
7. What is the approximate atomic mass of an atom with 8 neutrons, 8 protons,
and 8 electrons?: 16 daltons
8. The reactivity of an atom arises from:: The existence of unpaired electrons in
the valence shell
9. What results from the unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?: polar
covalent bond
10. The ______ of a substance is defined as the amount of heat that must be
absorbed for 1 g of that substance to increase its temperature by 1 degree
C...: specific heat
11. The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted
to the slight positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction
called?: hydrogen bond
12. The pH of a particular substance is 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concen-
tration of the substance?: 10^-4 M
13. The above substance is _______: acidic
14. How many molecules of glucose (C6H12O6 molecular mass= 180 Daltons)
would be present in one mole of glucose?: 6.02 x 10^23
15. Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize?: hydrogen bond
16. A hydrophilic substance has an affinity for ______: water
17. Which of the following hydrocarbons has a double bond in its carbon
skeleton?: C2H4
18. When the functional group -OH is added on to the carbon skeleton of the
hydrocarbon, the resulting compound is an ______: alcohol
19. Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydra-
tion reactions and hydrolysis?
a) hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers, and dehydration reactions break-
down polymers
b) dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis
c) dehydration reactions assemble polymers and hydrolysis reactions break-
1/6
, Bio 121 FINAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_46lyc0
down polymers
d) hydrolysis forms polymers: c) dehydration reactions assemble polymers and
hydrolysis reactions breakdown polymers
20. Unsaturated fats contain ______: double bonds
21. Saturated fats are generally _____ at room temperature: solid
22. Which of these functional groups does not contain oxygen?: sulfhydryl
23. Ribosomes are sites of ______: protein synthesis
24. On food packages, to what does the term "insoluble fiber" refer to?: cellu-
lose
25. Polymers are synthesized via the ______ reaction: dehydration
26. In the double helix structure of nucleic acids, Adenine hydrogen bonds to
______: thymine
27. All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except:: nucleus
28. In early stage embryos, neighboring cells can communicate with each
other through ______, which are membrane-lined channels filled with cyto-
plasm: gap junctions
29. ______ are the major component of the plasma membrane: phospholipids
30. Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types
of cells?: the need for a surface area of sufficient area to allow for the cell to meet
its metabolic needs
31. ATP has_______ phosphates: 3
32. In a redox reaction the substance that accepts electrons is ______: reduced
33. The steroid _______ is found within the plasma membranes of animal cells
and affects the fluidity of the membranes: cholesterol
34. The process by which a cell engulfs a particle by extending pseudopdoia
is called ______?: phagocytosis
35. The energy that is associated with the relative motion of objects is called
_______ energy: kinetic
36. Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: catabo-
lism is to anabolism as _______ is to ________: exergonic; endergonic
37. Which common pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular
respiration of a glucose molecule?: glycolysis
38. What kinds of molecules do not pass easily through a cell membrane?: -
hydrophilic
39. Transport, cell-cell recognition, and signal transduction are all functions of
______: membrane proteins
40. Plant cells undergoing plasmolysis are in a _______ environment: hyper-
tonic
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