Bio 121 Final Exam
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1. True or false: It is believed that animals evolved very recently—about a
million years ago: False. It is believed that the first animals evolved from colonies
of protists in the ancient seas approximately 600 million years ago.
2. All animals eat other organisms, which makes them------: heterotrophs
3. List any three characteristics of animals.: - Animals are multicellular.
- Most animals have muscle cells organized into muscle tissue that helps propel the
animal and move its body parts. - Most animals have a nervous system that helps
control body functions.
- Most animals reproduce sexually through the joining of sperm and egg.
- All animals eat other organisms.
- Most animals have tissues
4. ----- are to heterotrophs as ------ are to autotrophs.: Consumers ( animals)
Producers (plants)
5. All animals are ----- and those cells are almost all -----: Multicellular
diploid
6. A student is told that a cell contains a nucleus and mitochondria. The
student is asked if he or she is able to definitively determine if the cell is an
animal cell. The student answer is that the cell is, in fact, an animal cell. Briefly
explain why the student is not correct.: The student is not correct because many
other organisms, such as protists, fungi, and plants, also have cells with a nucleus
and mitochondria.
7. True or false: A cnidarian is the only animal that has radial symmetry.: False.
Cnidarians display radial symmetry, but echinoderms, as adults, typically exhibit
radial symmetry, which is a characteristic of their phylum
8. What is the first evolutionary branch point in the evolution of animals?: The
evolution of tissues. The sponges are the only phylum that remain from the side of
the first evolutionary branch point, lacking true tissues.
9. True or false: Almost all animals are invertebrates: True. Ninety-five percent
of all animals are invertebrates, animals that lack a backbone.
10. Animals that lack a backbone are known as------: invertebrates
11. What is a characteristic of sponges?: - Sponges lack tissues or body symme-
try and remain anchored to one spot.
- Sponges display an evolutionary adaptation common to all animals: the presence
of specialized cells that perform specific functions.
12. compare sponges with cnidarians.: - Sponges: Mostly marine organisms that
lack body symmetry and tissues.
- Cnidarians: Primarily marine; have tissues, radial body symmetry.
- Both: Animals. Multicellular consumers that evolved from colonial protists. Vast
majority are invertebrates.
, Bio 121 Final Exam
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13. Cnidarians come in two body forms: ______ and _______.: polyp and
medusa
14. You discover an animal that has radial symmetry and tissue organization.
Would you be able to classify it as a cnidarian based on one or both of
those characteristics? If so, which one(s)?: Based on radial symmetry and tissue
organization, it could be a cnidarian. Cnidarians have radial symmetry and their
cells are organized into tissues. However, adult echinoderms also typically exhibit
radial symmetry and have tissues. Therefore, while radial symmetry and tissue
organization are characteristic of cnidarians, these features alone are not definitive
for classification.
15. Briefly explain how the opening to the gastrovascular cavity acts as both
mouth and anus.: The single opening to the gastrovascular cavity in cnidarians
functions as both the entrance for food (mouth) and the exit for waste products
(anus).
16. True or false: Worms are animals.: true
17. List 3 phyla of worms.: flatworms, annelids, and roundworms
18. ------ are notorious flatworms that can infect humans and grow to great
lengths: tapeworms
19. Bilateral symmetry. Gastrovascular cavity with a single opening. Lack a
complete digestive tract.: Flatworms
20. Segmented bodies. Complete digestive tract with two openings (mouth
and anus). Have a true coelom: Annelids
21. Microscopic, ubiquitous. Complete digestive tract with two openings
(mouth and anus). Have a pseudocoelom: Roundworms
22. What do roundworms and annelids have in common? Hint—Flatworms
lack this feature.: both have a complete digestive tract with two openings (a mouth
and an anus), which flatworms lack.
23. A key characteristic of annelids is their ------, which allows for flexibility and
greater movement.: segmentation
24. The use of leeches in 19th century medicine was commonplace. However,
their use fell out of favor as modern medical practices evolved. Interestingly,
the use of leeches in medicine has reappeared in specific instances. What is
one application for leeches in modern medicine?: One application for leeches in
modern medicine is to remove pooled blood from digits that have been reattached
after accidental amputations.
25. True or false: Most mollusks live in the ocean.: True
26. ------ are the only mollusks to be land dwellers.: gastropods
27. What type of symmetry do all mollusks have?: bilateral symmetry
, Bio 121 Final Exam
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28. Which group of mollusks are predators? List a specific example of a
predatory mollusk: - Gastropods, cephalopods (like squids and octopuses), and
some bivalves are predators.
- Specific examples of predatory mollusks include octopuses, squids, and the
flamingo tongue snail.
29. True or false: Arthropods are the most numerous and diverse of the animal
phyla.: true
30. Even though there is tremendous diversity among the arthropods, they
share three basic characteristics. List the three characteristics that all arthro-
pods share.: All arthropods share a - segmented body,
- a hard exoskeleton, and - jointed appendages.
31. Briefly describe the only way in which an arthropod can grow.: Arthropods
can only grow by molting, shedding their old exoskeleton and growing a new, larger
one.
32. A common misconception is that spiders are insects. First, what are spi-
ders? Second, how are spiders related to insects?: - Spiders are arachnids.
- Spiders and insects are both arthropods, meaning they share characteristics such
as a segmented body, a hard exoskeleton, and jointed appendages.
- However, they belong to different groups within the arthropod phylum. For example,
spiders typically have two body segments (cephalothorax and abdomen) and eight
legs, while insects typically have three body segments (head, thorax, and abdomen)
and six legs.
33. What are the three body segments of a typical arthropod?: - the head,
- thorax, and
- abdomen.
- In some arthropods, like spiders, the head and thorax are fused into a cephalotho-
rax.
34. List three possible functions of the appendages of arthropods.: - walking,
- feeding,
- sensory reception,
- reproduction, and
- defense.
35. True or false: Echinoderms are more closely related to humans than mol-
lusks even though echinoderms and most mollusks live in the ocean.: true,
Echinoderms are a sister phylum to the chordates.
36. Regeneration in some echinoderms is a unique characteristic. Briefly
explain what regeneration is and list the one criterion required for regener-
ation.: - the ability of an organism to regrow lost body parts.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h84gl1
1. True or false: It is believed that animals evolved very recently—about a
million years ago: False. It is believed that the first animals evolved from colonies
of protists in the ancient seas approximately 600 million years ago.
2. All animals eat other organisms, which makes them------: heterotrophs
3. List any three characteristics of animals.: - Animals are multicellular.
- Most animals have muscle cells organized into muscle tissue that helps propel the
animal and move its body parts. - Most animals have a nervous system that helps
control body functions.
- Most animals reproduce sexually through the joining of sperm and egg.
- All animals eat other organisms.
- Most animals have tissues
4. ----- are to heterotrophs as ------ are to autotrophs.: Consumers ( animals)
Producers (plants)
5. All animals are ----- and those cells are almost all -----: Multicellular
diploid
6. A student is told that a cell contains a nucleus and mitochondria. The
student is asked if he or she is able to definitively determine if the cell is an
animal cell. The student answer is that the cell is, in fact, an animal cell. Briefly
explain why the student is not correct.: The student is not correct because many
other organisms, such as protists, fungi, and plants, also have cells with a nucleus
and mitochondria.
7. True or false: A cnidarian is the only animal that has radial symmetry.: False.
Cnidarians display radial symmetry, but echinoderms, as adults, typically exhibit
radial symmetry, which is a characteristic of their phylum
8. What is the first evolutionary branch point in the evolution of animals?: The
evolution of tissues. The sponges are the only phylum that remain from the side of
the first evolutionary branch point, lacking true tissues.
9. True or false: Almost all animals are invertebrates: True. Ninety-five percent
of all animals are invertebrates, animals that lack a backbone.
10. Animals that lack a backbone are known as------: invertebrates
11. What is a characteristic of sponges?: - Sponges lack tissues or body symme-
try and remain anchored to one spot.
- Sponges display an evolutionary adaptation common to all animals: the presence
of specialized cells that perform specific functions.
12. compare sponges with cnidarians.: - Sponges: Mostly marine organisms that
lack body symmetry and tissues.
- Cnidarians: Primarily marine; have tissues, radial body symmetry.
- Both: Animals. Multicellular consumers that evolved from colonial protists. Vast
majority are invertebrates.
, Bio 121 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h84gl1
13. Cnidarians come in two body forms: ______ and _______.: polyp and
medusa
14. You discover an animal that has radial symmetry and tissue organization.
Would you be able to classify it as a cnidarian based on one or both of
those characteristics? If so, which one(s)?: Based on radial symmetry and tissue
organization, it could be a cnidarian. Cnidarians have radial symmetry and their
cells are organized into tissues. However, adult echinoderms also typically exhibit
radial symmetry and have tissues. Therefore, while radial symmetry and tissue
organization are characteristic of cnidarians, these features alone are not definitive
for classification.
15. Briefly explain how the opening to the gastrovascular cavity acts as both
mouth and anus.: The single opening to the gastrovascular cavity in cnidarians
functions as both the entrance for food (mouth) and the exit for waste products
(anus).
16. True or false: Worms are animals.: true
17. List 3 phyla of worms.: flatworms, annelids, and roundworms
18. ------ are notorious flatworms that can infect humans and grow to great
lengths: tapeworms
19. Bilateral symmetry. Gastrovascular cavity with a single opening. Lack a
complete digestive tract.: Flatworms
20. Segmented bodies. Complete digestive tract with two openings (mouth
and anus). Have a true coelom: Annelids
21. Microscopic, ubiquitous. Complete digestive tract with two openings
(mouth and anus). Have a pseudocoelom: Roundworms
22. What do roundworms and annelids have in common? Hint—Flatworms
lack this feature.: both have a complete digestive tract with two openings (a mouth
and an anus), which flatworms lack.
23. A key characteristic of annelids is their ------, which allows for flexibility and
greater movement.: segmentation
24. The use of leeches in 19th century medicine was commonplace. However,
their use fell out of favor as modern medical practices evolved. Interestingly,
the use of leeches in medicine has reappeared in specific instances. What is
one application for leeches in modern medicine?: One application for leeches in
modern medicine is to remove pooled blood from digits that have been reattached
after accidental amputations.
25. True or false: Most mollusks live in the ocean.: True
26. ------ are the only mollusks to be land dwellers.: gastropods
27. What type of symmetry do all mollusks have?: bilateral symmetry
, Bio 121 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h84gl1
28. Which group of mollusks are predators? List a specific example of a
predatory mollusk: - Gastropods, cephalopods (like squids and octopuses), and
some bivalves are predators.
- Specific examples of predatory mollusks include octopuses, squids, and the
flamingo tongue snail.
29. True or false: Arthropods are the most numerous and diverse of the animal
phyla.: true
30. Even though there is tremendous diversity among the arthropods, they
share three basic characteristics. List the three characteristics that all arthro-
pods share.: All arthropods share a - segmented body,
- a hard exoskeleton, and - jointed appendages.
31. Briefly describe the only way in which an arthropod can grow.: Arthropods
can only grow by molting, shedding their old exoskeleton and growing a new, larger
one.
32. A common misconception is that spiders are insects. First, what are spi-
ders? Second, how are spiders related to insects?: - Spiders are arachnids.
- Spiders and insects are both arthropods, meaning they share characteristics such
as a segmented body, a hard exoskeleton, and jointed appendages.
- However, they belong to different groups within the arthropod phylum. For example,
spiders typically have two body segments (cephalothorax and abdomen) and eight
legs, while insects typically have three body segments (head, thorax, and abdomen)
and six legs.
33. What are the three body segments of a typical arthropod?: - the head,
- thorax, and
- abdomen.
- In some arthropods, like spiders, the head and thorax are fused into a cephalotho-
rax.
34. List three possible functions of the appendages of arthropods.: - walking,
- feeding,
- sensory reception,
- reproduction, and
- defense.
35. True or false: Echinoderms are more closely related to humans than mol-
lusks even though echinoderms and most mollusks live in the ocean.: true,
Echinoderms are a sister phylum to the chordates.
36. Regeneration in some echinoderms is a unique characteristic. Briefly
explain what regeneration is and list the one criterion required for regener-
ation.: - the ability of an organism to regrow lost body parts.
