NURS 6111 Exam 1 Complete Questions
With Answers
Na normal lab value- Correct answer135-145
K normal lab value- Correct answer3.5-5.0
Mg normal lab value- Correct answer1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Calcium normal lab value- Correct answer8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Abnormal signs and symptoms of K- Correct answerexcessive thirst,
increased urination, muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, irregular heartbeat, constipation,
abdominal cramping
Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg- Correct answermuscle cramps,
fatigue/weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, numbness/tingling, mental symptoms,
insomnia
Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by- Correct answerconverting
a strong acid or base to a weak one
Types of hypersensitivity reactions- Correct answerType 1: Immunoglobulin
IgE mediated reactions(allergic reaction), rapid time frame, ex peanut allergy
Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body attacks
healthy RBC thinking they are foreign, ex graves, hep induced thrombocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell wall and cause
tissue damage , ex is rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes and do not
involve antibodies, ex contact sensitivity to poison ivy, latex, mycobacterial infection
Prematurity- Correct answerbaby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes:
maternal age, multiple pregnancies, uterine or cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic
conditions. Clinical findings of premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice, feeding
difficulties
RDS (respiratory distress syndrome)- Correct answerbabies born before 28
weeks, caused by lack of surfactant, characterized by shallow rapid breathing(grunting),
males are more prone
, NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis)- Correct answerbabies born before 32 weeks,
caused by damage and inflammation to intestinal tissues, characterized by bloody
stools and distended abdomen. Risk factors: low birth weight, formula feedings
SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome)- Correct answercommon between 1-4
months of age, most frequent death for child 2 weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping
on soft surface, occurs in boys more often than girls
Prader-Willi Syndrome- Correct answerCaused by a lack of genetic material
in the 15 pair of chromosomes. Usually inherited from the father. The leading genetic
cause of obesity. The degree of mental retardation varies, but is usually in the mild
range. Students with Prader-Willi syndrome can be rigid and oppositional. They do not
respond well to sudden changes in their routine. It can also result in low muscle tone,
short stature, incomplete sexual development, cognitive disabilities, problem behaviors,
and a chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to excessive eating and life-threatening
obesity.
DiGeorge Syndrome- Correct answercaused by missing piece of
chromosome 22, affects the heart, immune system, parathyroid glands, can be inherited
from parents, DGS triad: conotruncal cardiac anomalies, hypoplastic thymus, and
hypocalcemia. can cause cleft lip, hearing loss, learning difficulties
Function of IgA antibody- Correct answerinhibit the passage of alien
substances that attempt to enter the circulatory system. mucosal immunity
function of IgE antibody- Correct answerprotect against parasitic invasions
and supervise allergic reactions
Function of IgG antibody- Correct answer-Long-term immunity
-protection of newborns during the first 6 months of life
Function of IgM antibody- Correct answerActivated complement system
(classical pathway)
Agglutinate microorganism
Why can select IgA deficiency lead to a blood transfusion reaction? - Correct
answercan lead to the patient developing antibodies that fight against the IgA
causing a transfusion reaction
With Answers
Na normal lab value- Correct answer135-145
K normal lab value- Correct answer3.5-5.0
Mg normal lab value- Correct answer1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Calcium normal lab value- Correct answer8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Abnormal signs and symptoms of K- Correct answerexcessive thirst,
increased urination, muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, irregular heartbeat, constipation,
abdominal cramping
Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg- Correct answermuscle cramps,
fatigue/weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, numbness/tingling, mental symptoms,
insomnia
Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by- Correct answerconverting
a strong acid or base to a weak one
Types of hypersensitivity reactions- Correct answerType 1: Immunoglobulin
IgE mediated reactions(allergic reaction), rapid time frame, ex peanut allergy
Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body attacks
healthy RBC thinking they are foreign, ex graves, hep induced thrombocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell wall and cause
tissue damage , ex is rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes and do not
involve antibodies, ex contact sensitivity to poison ivy, latex, mycobacterial infection
Prematurity- Correct answerbaby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes:
maternal age, multiple pregnancies, uterine or cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic
conditions. Clinical findings of premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice, feeding
difficulties
RDS (respiratory distress syndrome)- Correct answerbabies born before 28
weeks, caused by lack of surfactant, characterized by shallow rapid breathing(grunting),
males are more prone
, NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis)- Correct answerbabies born before 32 weeks,
caused by damage and inflammation to intestinal tissues, characterized by bloody
stools and distended abdomen. Risk factors: low birth weight, formula feedings
SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome)- Correct answercommon between 1-4
months of age, most frequent death for child 2 weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping
on soft surface, occurs in boys more often than girls
Prader-Willi Syndrome- Correct answerCaused by a lack of genetic material
in the 15 pair of chromosomes. Usually inherited from the father. The leading genetic
cause of obesity. The degree of mental retardation varies, but is usually in the mild
range. Students with Prader-Willi syndrome can be rigid and oppositional. They do not
respond well to sudden changes in their routine. It can also result in low muscle tone,
short stature, incomplete sexual development, cognitive disabilities, problem behaviors,
and a chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to excessive eating and life-threatening
obesity.
DiGeorge Syndrome- Correct answercaused by missing piece of
chromosome 22, affects the heart, immune system, parathyroid glands, can be inherited
from parents, DGS triad: conotruncal cardiac anomalies, hypoplastic thymus, and
hypocalcemia. can cause cleft lip, hearing loss, learning difficulties
Function of IgA antibody- Correct answerinhibit the passage of alien
substances that attempt to enter the circulatory system. mucosal immunity
function of IgE antibody- Correct answerprotect against parasitic invasions
and supervise allergic reactions
Function of IgG antibody- Correct answer-Long-term immunity
-protection of newborns during the first 6 months of life
Function of IgM antibody- Correct answerActivated complement system
(classical pathway)
Agglutinate microorganism
Why can select IgA deficiency lead to a blood transfusion reaction? - Correct
answercan lead to the patient developing antibodies that fight against the IgA
causing a transfusion reaction
