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- Mostly responsible for green, vegetative
growth and protein content
- Overuse may lead to excess growth,
disease, and insect problems.
- During cool weather, use nitrate forms
Major Function of Nitrogen to encourage pansies and other flower
displays.
- Usually lost to the air or groundwater
leading to pollution problems if misap-
plied
- Considered a primary macronutrient
- Responsible for root growth, flowering,
and maturity.
- Often builds up in soil
Major Function of Phosphorus - Excess amount may tie up micronutri-
ents, such as iron which can lead to poor
growth
- Considered a primary macronutrient
- Important to fight stress from cold, heat,
Major Functions of Potatssium drought, disease, etc.
- Considered a primary macronutrient
- A secondary macronutrient responsible
to help with proper cell division
Major Functions of Calcium - An important component of cell walls
- Found in all limes
- Helps raise pH of acid soils
- A secondary macronutrient and critical
component of the chlorophyll molecule
and its addition will green up plants and
Major Functions of Magnesium
improve acidic soils
- Limiting material that contains large
amounts of this is dolomitic lime
A secondary macronutrient
- Important to protein synthesis in plants
Major Functions of Sulfur
- Will help green-up leaves, but will make
soils more acidic if overused.
,HORT 5910: Setting of Landscape Plants Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual
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- Centipede lawns will react well to appli-
cation
a micronutrient that allows rapid
green-up without much vegetative
growth.
- common in most Alabama soils, but
Main Functions of Iron may be unavailable due to pH and other
soil issues
- Chelated is a special formulation
that allows plants to uptake iron even if
the pH is very alkaline or basic
The food making process in plants,
where water vapor and oxygen are re-
leased through the leaves to allow up-
Photosynthesis take of carbon dioxide and the formation
of sugars. Sunlight and chlorophyll are
necessary to the process. All green parts
of the plants photosynthesize.
The process by which water moves into
the roots, up the trunk, and out of the leaf
stomates as vapor. As the water moves,
it carries dissolved minerals and other
needed materials to the leaf "solar facto-
ry"
Transpiration
- The ability to replace water lost from the
leaf quickly is one reason certain plants
can handle full sun. Shade loving plants
are able to function better in the shade as
the environment puts less strain on their
inefficient root and leaf systems.
The breakdown of stored food in the
plant. Stored sugars are broken down in
Respiration an efficient, orderly way to fuel the work
of the plant. Soils that are very wet due to
over irrigation or rain in the summer may
,HORT 5910: Setting of Landscape Plants Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual
Actual Exam Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers
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lead to plant death as the plants cannot
respire.
The ability of the negative charged clay
and organic particles in the soil to hold
and release positive charged nutrients
Cation exchange capacity in the soil or added as fertilizer. The
CEC also helps indicate the amounts
of pre-emergent herbicide, lime, etc. the
soil can retain.
The measure of acidity or alkalinity of
the soil. Based on a numerical range.
Determined by a soil test and indicates
Soil pH
how much lime is needed to raise the
pH or lower the pH using sulfur, iron, or
aluminum.
A term used by arborists to explain that
plants don't "heal" damage, they "close
over" damaged tissue and wall it off from
the rest of the plant. This process uses
Compartmentalization
up stored foods, so it is best to avoid
damaging plants by hitting with mowers,
string trimmers, or driving over their root
systems.
A layer of hard soil that roots cannot grow
Hardpan through. In some cases, deep tilling or
spading may alleviate the problem.
The proportion of sand, silt, and clay par-
ticles in the soil. Determined by a parti-
cle separation test; Helps indicate avail-
Soil texture
able oxygen, water needs, fertilization,
and liming programs and quantities of
pre-emergent herbicide to be applied.
The arrangement of the ingredients in
the soil. Can be improved by lime and or-
Soil Structure ganic matter additions and through prop-
er tilling or spading. Excess tilling or
, HORT 5910: Setting of Landscape Plants Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual
Actual Exam Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers
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preparing wet soils, compaction, and the
use of cheap, high salt fertilizers may
destroy this.
A field test to determine if soils have ad-
Percolation test
equate internal drainage
A procedure in which the technician ob-
tains many sub-samples at the crop's
Soil Sampling
proper root depth and creates a repre-
sentative sample for the whole area.
A condition in which plant roots take the
Root or Pot Bound form of the container they are in, leading
to stunting and perhaps, later death.
Hidden growth points found under the
bark in some plants such as yaupon or
Adventitious Buds
'Burford' holly that help predict how well
they respond to renovation pruning.
Growth points found between the leaf
petiole and the stem on a plant; Can be
Lateral Buds
forced to grow by removing the terminal
bud or the lateral just above.
The growth point at the tip of a branch or
shoot. Hormones like auxin, with the help
Apical or Terminal Buds
of sunlight, keep this dominant in growth
habit.
Compounds containing carbon, usually
a word used to describe an amendment
Organic that comes from a living source like ma-
nures, composts, and decomposed bark
fines.
Amendments that come from sources
that are not living, such as naturally oc-
Inorganic
curing minerals and the synthetics, such
a petroleum based fertilizers.
The term used to designate the percent-
age of in a fertilizer to help indicate