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Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), Potassi-
What are the 3 primary macronutrients?
um (K)
It is the nutrient most responsible for
What does Nitrogen do for plants? green, vegetative growth and protein
content in a plant.
It is responsible for root growth, flower-
What does Phosphorous do for plants?
ing, and maturity.
It has many uses, but it is important to
What does Potassium do for plants? fight stress from cold, heat, drought, dis-
ease, etc.
What are the 3 secondary macronutri- Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sulfur
ents? (S)
It is responsible for helping with proper
What does Calcium do for plants? cell division and is an important compo-
nent of cell walls.
It is found in all limes and helps raise the
Where is Calcium found?
pH of acid soils.
It is a critical component of the chloro-
What does Magnesium do for plants? phyll molecule and its addition will
green-up plants and improve acid soils.
It is important for protein synthesis in
What does Sulfur do for plants? plants and will help green-up leaves, but
will make soils more acid if overused.
the food making process in plants, where
water vapor and oxygen are released
Describe photosynthesis
through the leaves to allow uptake of car-
bon dioxide and the formation of sugars.
the process by which water moves into
What is transpiration? the roots, up the trunk and out of the leaf
stomates as vapor.
is the breakdown of stored food in the
plant. Stored sugars are broken down in
What is respiration?
an efficient, orderly way to fuel the work
of the plant.
What is Cation Exchange Capacity?
, Setting of Landscape Plants (SLP) Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual Actual
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the ability of the negative charged flat
and organic particles in the soil to hold
and release positive charged nutrients in
the soil or add as fertilizer.
pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity
of the soil. It is based on a numerical
Describe Soil pH range, where 1 to less than 7 is acid, 7 is
neutral, and more than 7 to 14 is alkaline
or basic.
It affects the uptake of nutrients, water
infiltration, the decomposition of organic
What does pH affect?
matter, and the growth of beneficial mi-
crobes and much more in the soil.
a term used by arborists to explain that
plants don't "heal" damage , they "close
over" damage tissue and wall it off from
the rest of the plant. This process uses
Describe compartmentalization
up stored foods, so it is best to avoid
damaging plants by hitting with mowers,
string trimmers or driving over their root
systems.
a layer of hard soil that roots cannot grow
What is hardpan? through. In some cases, deep tilling or
spading may alleviate the problem.
the proportion of sand, silt and clay par-
Define Soil Texture
ticles in the soil.
using a particle separation test (sieve
How do you determine the soil texture?
analysis)
helps indicate available oxygen, water
needs, fertilization and liming programs
What does soil texture help identify?
and quantities of pre-emergent herbicide
to be applied.
Is soil texture difficult to change on a
Yes
large scale?
the arrangement of the ingredients in the
Define Soil Structure
soil.
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it can be improved by lime and organic
How can soil structure be improved? matter additions and through proper till-
ing or spading.
a field test to determine of soils have
adequate internal drainage. Auger or dig
a posthole 12" deep, fill with water and
Describe a percolation test check at 12 hours. If the hole is not free
of water by 8 - 12 hours, French drains,
berms or other solution should be em-
ployed.
a procedure in which the technician ob-
tains many sub-samples at the crop's
What is soil sampling?
proper root depth and creates a repre-
sentative sample for the whole area.
What are the tools needed to collect a a bucket, soil probe or trowel and a soil
proper soil sample? test information sheet.
a condition in which plants roots take the
What does the term root or pot bound? form of the container they are in, leading
to stunting and perhaps, later death.
Make 3-4, 1" deep cuts down the root
If a plant is root or pot bound what do you
ball will sever roots and encourage plant
do?
health.
hidden growth points found under the
bark in some plants such as yaupon or
What are adventitious buds?
'Buford' holly that help predict how well
they respond to renovation pruning.
growth points found between the leaf
What are lateral buds?
petiole and the stem on a plant.
the growth point at the tip of a branch or
What are apical or terminal buds?
shoot.
compounds containing carbon, usually a
word used to describe an amendment
Define Organic that comes from a living source like ma-
nures, composts and decomposed bark
fines.