GCU NSC 150 NUTRITION EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH
ALL CORRECT & VERIFIED ANSWERS (UPDATED TO
PASS)
# of carbons in a short chain fatty acid Correct answer-less than 6 carbon atoms
Protein functions in the body Correct answer-structural materials enzymes
hormones
fluid balance
acid-base balance
transportation
antibodies
energy
glucose
· Glycemic index- what does it mean? what happens in the body? Correct answer-is a number that
measures of how foods affect the level of blood sugar
Names of monosaccharides Correct answer-glucose, fructose, galactose
names of disaccharides Correct answer-sucrose, lactose, maltose
What are polysaccharides? Correct answer-complex carbohydrate macromolecules made of many
sugar monomers
What differentiates starch from fiber Correct answer-STARCH is broken down into glucose and
absorbed.
FIBER moves through the small intestine undigested
what are benefits and examples of soluble foods Correct answer-BENEFITS: weight management
&improving heart disease risk factors low cholesterol and blood sugar levels
EX: beans, oats, apples, strawberries, peas potatoes
what are benefits and examples of insoluble foods Correct answer-BENEFITS: promotes GI health &
protection against colon cancer
EX: wheat,rice, veggies
what are the effects of insulin and when are they secreted Correct answer-helps ctrl blood sugar
levels and are secreted from the pancreas
what are the effects of glucagon and when are they secreted Correct answer-prevent blood
glucose levels dropping too low secreted from pancreas
type 1 diabetes Correct answer-disorder in which the body cannot produce enough insulin
type 2 diabetes Correct answer-progressive disorder in which body cells become less responsive to
insulin (most common form) insulin resistance
What is gluten? Correct answer-protein found in wheat, barley, and rye
, What causes celiac disease? Correct answer-gluten, gluten sensitivity autoimmune disease
normal fasting blood glucose levels Correct answer-70-100 mg/dL
probiotic Correct answer-introducing known microbes back into the body
Prebiotic Correct answer-nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes in the
intestine,cannot digest
where are soluble & insoluble fibers absorbed and in what form Correct answer-stomach and
intestines
What causes lactose intolerance? Correct answer-lactose is undigested and not absorbed/
reduction in lactase
HDL Correct answer-high density lipoproteins (healthy type of cholesterol of that removes
cholesterol and contains more protein)
LDL Correct answer-low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol that drops off cholesterol)
saturated fats Correct answer-fats that are solid at room temperature
monosaturated fats Correct answer-triglycerides in which most of the fatty acids have one point of
unsaturation
polyunsaturated fats Correct answer-triglycerides in which most of the fatty acids have two or
more points of unsaturation
molecular structure of saturated fats and foods in which they are found Correct answer-single
bond EX: meat
molecular structure of monounsaturated fats and foods in which they are found Correct answer-
one double bond (essential fatty acids) EX: oils, nuts, avocados
molecular structure of polyunsaturated fats and foods in which they are found Correct answer-
more than one double bond EX: fish, nuts, seeds
essential fatty acids Correct answer-omega 3(linolenic )
omega 6 (linoleic)
omega 3 benefits Correct answer--lowers triglycerides
-prevents blood clotting
-keeps heart beat regular
-lowers blood pressure
-defends against inflammation
-from fish may protect from some cancers
omega 6 benefits Correct answer--reducing the risk of heart disease
-lowering total cholesterol levels, lowering "bad" (LDL) cholesterol levels
-raising "good" (HDL) cholesterol levels
-reducing cancer risk.
ALL CORRECT & VERIFIED ANSWERS (UPDATED TO
PASS)
# of carbons in a short chain fatty acid Correct answer-less than 6 carbon atoms
Protein functions in the body Correct answer-structural materials enzymes
hormones
fluid balance
acid-base balance
transportation
antibodies
energy
glucose
· Glycemic index- what does it mean? what happens in the body? Correct answer-is a number that
measures of how foods affect the level of blood sugar
Names of monosaccharides Correct answer-glucose, fructose, galactose
names of disaccharides Correct answer-sucrose, lactose, maltose
What are polysaccharides? Correct answer-complex carbohydrate macromolecules made of many
sugar monomers
What differentiates starch from fiber Correct answer-STARCH is broken down into glucose and
absorbed.
FIBER moves through the small intestine undigested
what are benefits and examples of soluble foods Correct answer-BENEFITS: weight management
&improving heart disease risk factors low cholesterol and blood sugar levels
EX: beans, oats, apples, strawberries, peas potatoes
what are benefits and examples of insoluble foods Correct answer-BENEFITS: promotes GI health &
protection against colon cancer
EX: wheat,rice, veggies
what are the effects of insulin and when are they secreted Correct answer-helps ctrl blood sugar
levels and are secreted from the pancreas
what are the effects of glucagon and when are they secreted Correct answer-prevent blood
glucose levels dropping too low secreted from pancreas
type 1 diabetes Correct answer-disorder in which the body cannot produce enough insulin
type 2 diabetes Correct answer-progressive disorder in which body cells become less responsive to
insulin (most common form) insulin resistance
What is gluten? Correct answer-protein found in wheat, barley, and rye
, What causes celiac disease? Correct answer-gluten, gluten sensitivity autoimmune disease
normal fasting blood glucose levels Correct answer-70-100 mg/dL
probiotic Correct answer-introducing known microbes back into the body
Prebiotic Correct answer-nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes in the
intestine,cannot digest
where are soluble & insoluble fibers absorbed and in what form Correct answer-stomach and
intestines
What causes lactose intolerance? Correct answer-lactose is undigested and not absorbed/
reduction in lactase
HDL Correct answer-high density lipoproteins (healthy type of cholesterol of that removes
cholesterol and contains more protein)
LDL Correct answer-low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol that drops off cholesterol)
saturated fats Correct answer-fats that are solid at room temperature
monosaturated fats Correct answer-triglycerides in which most of the fatty acids have one point of
unsaturation
polyunsaturated fats Correct answer-triglycerides in which most of the fatty acids have two or
more points of unsaturation
molecular structure of saturated fats and foods in which they are found Correct answer-single
bond EX: meat
molecular structure of monounsaturated fats and foods in which they are found Correct answer-
one double bond (essential fatty acids) EX: oils, nuts, avocados
molecular structure of polyunsaturated fats and foods in which they are found Correct answer-
more than one double bond EX: fish, nuts, seeds
essential fatty acids Correct answer-omega 3(linolenic )
omega 6 (linoleic)
omega 3 benefits Correct answer--lowers triglycerides
-prevents blood clotting
-keeps heart beat regular
-lowers blood pressure
-defends against inflammation
-from fish may protect from some cancers
omega 6 benefits Correct answer--reducing the risk of heart disease
-lowering total cholesterol levels, lowering "bad" (LDL) cholesterol levels
-raising "good" (HDL) cholesterol levels
-reducing cancer risk.
